Richard L. Segal, PT, PhD, FAPTA

Education and Training:

Sabbatical, Duke University, Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, 2000

Mini-Sabbatical, Medical College of Virginia, Department of Physiology, 1988-89

PhD, The University of Virginia, 1979-84, Anatomy and Neuroscience

BS, The Ohio State University, 1972-76, Allied Health

Rank:

Director, Professor.

Expertise:

Adaptive plasticity of the interaction of spinal circuits and the musculoskeletal system

Teaching:

CBIO 193, Functional Neuroanatomy (CNS Development; spinal cord injury; Multiple Sclerosis)
Independent Study, HMSC program (2 credit hours)
HMSC 801, Seminar
PHYT 784, Neuromuscular PT (Cellular Neuropathology; Supraspinal Plasticity)
PHYT 785, Neuromuscular PT (Spinal Cord Plasticity)
NBIO 723b, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology,
HMSC 710, Kinesiological EMG (2-3 credit hours)
PHYT 750, Psychosocial Aspects of Disability and Illness (1 credit hour)

Research interests:

Movement control in able-bodied humans and humans with neurological dysfunction
Translation of basic science research to the clinic and using important clinical findings to help transform basic science research

Representative publications for each area of interest:

Books and Chapters

Bilsky, G. and Segal, R.L.: Electrodiagnostics in Rehabilitation, In: G.F. Fletcher, B. Jann, S.L. Wolf, and J. Banja (Eds.): Rehabilitation Medicine: Contemporary Clinical Perspectives. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, (1992), pp. 419-443.

Segal, R.L. and Wolf, S.L.: Morphological and Functional Considerations for Therapeutic Exercise, In: J.V. Basmajian and S.L. Wolf (Eds.): Therapeutic Exercise, Fifth Edition. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, (1990), pp. 1-47.

Refereed Journal Articles

Segal, RL, Makihara, Y and Arya S: Conditioning of Soleus H-reflexes: Able-bodied control subjects. Journal of Neurophysiology (To be submitted February)

Makihara, Y, Thompson, AK, Wolpaw, JR, Segal, RL: Operant conditioning of the human soleus H-reflex: effects on the medial and lateral gastrocnemii, Journal of Neuroscience (To be submitted May)

Makihara, Y, Segal, RL, Wolpaw, JR, Thompson, AK: Effects of soleus H-reflex operant down-conditioning on locomotion in healthy subjects, Neurorehabilitation and neural repair (To be submitted in May)

Makihara, Y, Segal, RL, Wolpaw, JR, Thompson, AK: H-reflex modulation in the human medial and lateral gastrocnemii during standing and walking, Muscle and Nerve (In Review)

Segal, R.L.: Preface to special issue: Spinal Circuits and the Musculoskeletal System: Translation of Basic Research into the Clinic. Cells, Tissues, Organs 193 (2011) 289.

Segal, R.L., Lewek, M.D., McCulloch, K., Mercer, V.S: Introduction: The Necessity for Effective Interaction Between Basic Scientists and Rehabilitation Clinicians. Cells, Tissues, Organs 193 (2011) 290-297.

Chen, XY, Chen, Y, Wang, Y, Thompson, A, Carp, JS, Segal, RL and Wolpaw, JR: Reflex conditioning: A new strategy for improving motor function after spinal cord injury, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2010 Jun;1198 Suppl 1:E12-21.

Giordano SB, Segal R L, Abelew TA: Differences in end-point force trajectories elicited by electrical stimulation of individual human calf muscles, Journal of Applied Biomechanics 25 (2009) 330-339

Segal, R.L.: Using imaging to assess normal and adaptive muscle function, Physical Therapy, 87(6):704-18, 2007

Giordano, SB and Segal, R.L.: Leg muscles differ in spatial activation patterns with differing levels of voluntary plantar flexion activity in humans, Cells, Tissues, Organs 184 (2006), 42-51.

Segal, R.L., and Song, A.W: Non-uniform activity of human calf muscles during an exercise task, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86 (2005), 2013-2017.

Segal, R.L., Catlin, P.A., Krauss, E.W., Merick, K.A., Robilotto, J.B.: Anatomical partitioning of three human forearm muscles. Cells Tissues Organs. 170 (2002) 183-197.

Livingston, B.P., Segal, R.L., Song, A.W., Hopkins K., English, A.W. and C.C. Manning: Magnetic resonance imaging t2 times of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis after isometric exercises. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 82 (2001) 1164-1170.

Segal, R.L., Wolf , S.L. Catlin, P.A., Gilliand, R.L., Taffs, J.K., Bass, H.C., and Vickers, E.F.: Uncoupling of human short and long latency stretch reflex responses with operant conditioning. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience. 17 (2000) 17-22.

Segal, R.L.: Spinal cord plasticity is a possible tool for rehabilitation. Neurology Reports, 22 (1998) 54-60.

Segal, R.L.: Plasticity in the nervous system: Operant conditioning of the spinal stretch reflex. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. 3 (1997) 76-87.

Segal, R.L.: What is spasticity and why bother to measure it? Contemporary Perspectives on Movement Disorders: Mechanisms and Measurement. Neurology Reports 21 (1997) 76-77.

Smith, B.N., Segal, R.L. and Wolf, S.L.: Long latency ankle responses to dynamic perturbation in elderly fallers and non-fallers. J. Amer. Ger. Soc. 44 (1996) 1447-1454.

Wolf, S.L., Segal, R.L., Catlin, P.A., Tschorn, J., Raleigh, T., Kontos, H. and Pate, P.: Determining consistency of elbow joint threshold angle in spastic elbow flexor muscles. Physical Therapy 76 (1996) 586-600.

Wolf, S.L. and Segal R.L.: Down-training human biceps brachii spinal stretch reflexes. J. Neurophysiol. 75 (1996) 1637-1646.

Wolf, S.L., Segal, R.L., Heter, N.D. and Catlin, P.A.: Contralateral and long latency effects of human biceps brachii stretch reflex conditioning. Exp. Brain Res. 107 (1995) 96-102.

Segal, R.L. and Wolf, S.L.: Operant conditioning of the biceps brachii spinal stretch reflexes in spinal cord injured patients. Exp. Neurol.. 130 (1994) 202-213.

Saca, L.R. de, Segal, R.L. and Catlin, P.A.: Immediate effects of the toe spreader on the tonic toe flexion reflex. Phys. Ther., 74 (1994) 561-570.

Segal, R.L. and Wolf, S.L.: Variability of human biceps brachii spinal stretch reflexes: Control conditions. J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 3 (1993) 24-32.

Wolf, S.L., Segal, R.L. and English, A.W.: Task oriented electromyographic activity from the human lateral gastrocnemius muscle. J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 3 (1993) 87-94.

English, A.W., Wolf, S.L. and Segal, R.L.: Compartmentalization of muscles and their motor nuclei: The partitioning hypothesis. Phys. Ther. 73 (1993) 857-867.

Milidonis, M.K., Kraus, S.L., Segal, R.L. and Widmer, C.G.: Genioglossus muscle activity in response to changes in anterior/neutral head posture. Am. J. Ortho. Dentofac. Orthop. 103 (1993) 39-44.

Segal, R.L. and Nichols, P.J.: Teaching basic science in physical therapy programs emphasizing movement control. J. Phys. Ther. Ed. 7 (1993) 14-21.

Segal, R.L.: Neuromuscular compartments in the human biceps brachii muscle. Neurosci. Lett. 140 (1992) 98-102.

Segal, R.L., Catlin, P.A., Barker, C., Broadbent, P., Cockerham, A., Reaver, L. and Wolf, S.L.: Modification of the human biceps brachii spinal stretch reflex: Effects on antagonist and synergist muscles, Electromyographical Kinesiology: Proceedings of the 8th Congress of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. P.A. Anderson, D.J. Hobart and J.V. Danoff (Eds.). Netherlands, Elsevier, 1991, pp. 23-25.

Richardson-Bond, C., Coratti, L., Mast, A., Wolf, S.L., Catlin, P.A., Segal, R.L. and English, A.W.: Patterns of electromyographic activity in the human lateral gastrocnemius muscle during weightbearing and non-weightbearing tasks, Electromyographical Kinesiology: Proceedings of the 8th Congress of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. P.A. Anderson, D.J. Hobart and J.V. Danoff (Eds.). Netherlands, Elsevier, 1991, pp. 65-68.

McMahon, T., Craft, T., Mason, L., Pianta, T., Couch, L., Segal, R.L., Wolf, S.L., English, A.W. and Catlin, P.A.: Normalized electromyographic activity patterns in human extensor carpi radialis longus and flexor carpi radialis muscles: Differential and total activity, Electromyographical Kinesiology: Proceedings of the 8th Congress of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. P.A. Anderson, D.J. Hobart and J.V. Danoff (Eds.). Netherlands, Elsevier, 1991, pp. 39-42.

Wolf, L.B., Segal, R.L., Wolf, S.L. and Nyberg, R.: A quantitative analysis of integrated surface and percutaneous EMG activity in lumbar erector spinae of normal young women, Spine, 16 (1991) 155-161.

Segal, R.L. and Youssef, E.: Comparison of wrist movements in normals and brain-injured individuals. Arch. Phys. Med. and Rehab. 72 (1991) 454-459.

Segal, R.L., Wolf, S.L., DeCamp, M.J., Chopp, M.T. and English, A.W.: Anatomical partitioning of three multiarticular human muscles. Acta Anatomica 142 (1991) 261-266.

Wolf, S.L. and Segal, R.L.: Conditioning of the spinal stretch reflex: Implications for rehabilitation. Phys. Ther., 70 (1990) 652-656.

Evatt, M.L. Wolf, S.L. and Segal, R.L.: Modification of human spinal stretch reflexes: Preliminary studies, Neurosci. Lett. 105 (1989) 350-355.

Segal, R.L. and Beckstead, R.M.: Distribution of corticotectal axons from the caudal part of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus in the cat, Neurosci. Lett. 102 (1989) 173-178.

Milidonis, M.K., Widmer, C.G., Segal, R.L. and Kraus, S.L.: Surface intraoral genioglossus EMG recording technique for kinesiological studies, Am. J. Ortho. Dentofac. Orthop. 94 (1988) 240-244.

Segal, R.L. and Beckstead, R.M.: The lateral suprasylvian corticotectal projection in cats, J. Comp. Neurol., 225 (1984) 259-275.

Segal, R.L., Beckstead, R.M., Kersey, K.S. and Edwards, S.B.: The prefrontal corticotectal projection in the cat, Exp. Brain Res., 51 (1983) 423-432.