Does testosterone supplementation in elderly males provide any health benefit?

Gary M. Dailey, MD
15 Nov 96

Clinical Scenario:
An active, otherwise healthy 75 yr old man has heard in the lay press that testosterone supplementation (TES) reverses the effects of aging, and wants to know if he would benefit from TES.

Clinical Bottom Line(s):

1. There is a surprising paucity of studies of testosterone supplementation in generally healthy elderly men.
One small, but substantive study did show a clear increase in lean body mass, lowered total cholesterol and
LDL, as well as some weak, indirect evidence of decreased bone resorption.

2. Safety and sustained efficacy studies have not been published. Increased PSA levels have been reported with TES and therefore risk vs. benefit is still unclear today for eugonadal men. TES appears to be an area of arousing interest, and more data should be forthcoming.

3. There is some decent data showing improvement in sexual function in men with clearly documented hypogonadism receiving testosterone supplementation, this specific effect has not been clearly demonstrated in eugonadal men.


The Evidence:

Double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 13 healthy men ages 57-76yr, recruited from
community with total testosterone level <13.9 nmol/L (nonnal 12.1 - 34.7), randomized to 3 months of
weekly IM testosterone or placebo, then crossed-over for second 3 month period. Variables measured before
and after each treatment. Statistical analysis by ANOVA.

Parameter Baseline Treatment Placebo
Lean Body Mass (kg) 56.5 +/-1.5 58.2+/-1.5 56.4 +/-1.4 (1.7 kgn ave increase)
% body fat no significant change
hydroxyproline/GFR 151 +/-10 108 +/-8 142 +/-13
hematocrit 43.1 +/-0.8 46.7 +/-1.1 43.2 +/-0.8
total cholesterol 199 +/-6 177 +/-5 203 +/-6
LDL 128 +/-7 113 +/-5 132 +/-7
HDL, Apo A-1, TG no significant change
PSA (ng/ml) 2.1 +/-0.4 2.7+/-0.5 2/6 +/-0.5

No prostate abnormalities detected by digital exam or ultrasonography.
Other chemistry values related to bone showed no significant change.
all values listed demonstrated P < .001.

 

Comments:


- TES dose determined from previous pilot study to 'boost' TE level from low normal to normal levels.
Subsequently no acne, hair growth changes noted during study.

- 38% healthy men age >= 60 screened in study clinic had similar, low normal TE levels. implying that this
degree of hypogonadism is fairly common in the study population.

- study was double-blinded, but 12 of 13 men correctly predicted TE treatment by increased libido, sense of
well being, and aggressiveness in business transactions.

- PSA remained persistently elevated in 30% of study participants.

- Cost of TE treatment is low ($100-$200 per year), many hypogonadal men have been treated since 1940's

References:

1. Tenover JS, Effects of testosterone supplementation in the aging male. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &.
Metabolism,
1992 Oct;75(4):1092-8.

2. Arver ,S.  Dobs,  A.S.,  Meikle,  A.W.,  Allen,  R.P.,   Sanders S.W., Improvement  of sexual function in testosterone deficient men treated for 1 year with a permeation enchanced testosterone transdermal system. Journal of Urology 1996 May; 155 (5): 1604-8.

3. Swerdloff, R.S.,  Wang C. , Androgen deficiency and aging in men [see comments]. [Review] Western Journal of
Medicine
1993 Nov; 159 (5): 579-85, Comment in West J Med 1993 Nov; 159(5):618-20.