Sandra C. Bishop–Freeman, PhD, D-ABFT Deputy Chief Toxicologist   Office of the Chief Medical Examiner Office: 919-743-9011 E-mail: sandra.bishop@dhhs.nc.gov

Research Interests

Forensic Toxicology is a multifaceted discipline that bridges the gap between the scientific and legal aspects of analytical drug chemistry and pharmacology.  My interests include topics from both human performance and post-mortem toxicology; specifically, examining the effects of drugs and alcohol on driving as well as exploring analytical issues surrounding drug facilitated sexual assault (DFSA).  Recently, I have been compiling data regarding the post-mortem redistribution of drugs when comparing therapeutic post-mortem normal values with potentially toxic concentrations.  While most of my work focuses on toxicology, I was formerly a trained Criminalist for the LAPD and I hope to engage in forensic investigation research in the future.

Selected Publications

Bishop-Freeman, S.C.; Kornegay, N.C.; Winecker, R.E. Postmortem Levetiracetam (Keppra^®) Data from North Carolina. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 36 (2012). 422–428.

Bishop, S.C; Johnson, G.; Smith, L.; Fiorentino, D.  Manual versus automatic sampling variations of a Preliminary Alcohol Screening device (PAS), Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 33, 8 (2009) 521–524.

Bishop, S.C.; Lerch, M.; McCord, B.  Detection of nitrated benzodiazepines by indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection on a microfluidics device, J Chromatogr. A, 1154, 1-2 (2007) 481-484.

Bishop, S.C.; McCord, B.; Gratz, S.; Loelger, J.; Witkowski, M. Simultaneous detection of piperazine and amphetamine-like designer drugs using cyclodextrin mediated capillary electrophoresis, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 50, 2 (2005) 326-335.

Bishop, S.C.; Lerch, M.; McCord, B. Micellar electrokinetic screening method for common sexual assault drugs in beverages, Forensic Science International, 141 (2004) 7-15.