{"id":12105,"date":"2019-12-04T10:48:33","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T15:48:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/?p=12105"},"modified":"2019-12-06T13:22:08","modified_gmt":"2019-12-06T18:22:08","slug":"how-tiny-enzymes-reign-supreme-in-world-wide-carbon-recycling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/news\/how-tiny-enzymes-reign-supreme-in-world-wide-carbon-recycling\/","title":{"rendered":"How Tiny Enzymes Reign Supreme in World-wide Carbon Recycling"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_4196\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 310px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4196\" src=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/795\/2018\/07\/evolution-may-have-moved-at-a-furious-pace-on-a-much-warmer-earth-image2-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"Dick Wolfenden, PhD\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/795\/2018\/07\/evolution-may-have-moved-at-a-furious-pace-on-a-much-warmer-earth-image2-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/795\/2018\/07\/evolution-may-have-moved-at-a-furious-pace-on-a-much-warmer-earth-image2-150x100.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/795\/2018\/07\/evolution-may-have-moved-at-a-furious-pace-on-a-much-warmer-earth-image2.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">Richard Wolfenden, PhD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The recycling of most of the carbon in nature depends on the breakdown of two polymers in woody matter, notably cellulose and lignin. In a paper just\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.biochem.9b00698\">published in the journal<i>\u00a0Biochemistry<\/i><\/a>, Richard Wolfenden, PhD, and colleague Charles Lewis, PhD, both in the UNC Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, show the extent to which enzymes from woodland fungi accelerate the breakdown of lignin, a complex polymer held together entirely by ether linkages.<\/p>\n<p>After a tree falls in the forest and the chain saw has done its work, clusters of white-rot fungi appear near the cut surfaces. \u201cEtherases\u201d from these lowly fungi use the antioxidant glutathione to clip ether linkages in 23 milliseconds. Lewis and Wolfenden show that without these enzymes, the half-life for the needed hydrolysis of the ether linkages in lignin in water would be about 100 billion years, exceeding the age of the universe by a long shot.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12106\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 310px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12106\" src=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/795\/2019\/12\/tree-log-with-fungi-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"white rot fungi\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/795\/2019\/12\/tree-log-with-fungi-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/795\/2019\/12\/tree-log-with-fungi-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/795\/2019\/12\/tree-log-with-fungi-64x64.jpg 64w, https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/795\/2019\/12\/tree-log-with-fungi.jpg 397w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">White rot fungi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>So it turns out that these familiar organisms catalyze what is generally considered to be the rate-determining step in the global carbon cycle, using enzymes that are found to achieve the largest rate enhancement known for any of the thousands of enzymes that exist.<\/p>\n<p>Without these little enzymes \u2013 without carbon recycling \u2013 we\u2019d be in a world of hurt.<\/p>\n<hr class=\" rule-dotted osc-rule\" \/>\n<p><i>For assistance coordinating your research news please contact <a href=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/directory\/clabo\/\">Carolyn Clabo<\/a>\u00a04-6 weeks ahead of publishing. This news courtesy of UNC School of Medicine, <a href=\"mailto:mark.derewicz@unchealth.unc.edu\">Mark Derewicz<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Richard Wolfenden, PhD, professor of biochemistry and biophysics, details how white rot fungi produce enzymes that turn out to be key players in the carbon cycle. Without these little enzymes \u2013 without carbon recycling \u2013 we\u2019d be in a world of hurt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41619,"featured_media":12106,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"layout":"","cellInformation":"","apiCallInformation":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[230,10,233,324],"class_list":["post-12105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-2019-faculty-year-review","tag-news_faculty","tag-news_faculty_s19","tag-wolfenden-news","odd"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Tiny Enzymes Reign Supreme in World-wide Carbon Recycling | Biochemistry and Biophysics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/news\/how-tiny-enzymes-reign-supreme-in-world-wide-carbon-recycling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Tiny Enzymes Reign Supreme in World-wide Carbon Recycling | Biochemistry and Biophysics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Richard Wolfenden, PhD, professor of biochemistry and biophysics, details how white rot fungi produce enzymes that turn out to be key players in the carbon cycle. Without these little enzymes \u2013 without carbon recycling \u2013 we\u2019d be in a world of hurt.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/news\/how-tiny-enzymes-reign-supreme-in-world-wide-carbon-recycling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Biochemistry and Biophysics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uncbiochemistryandbiophysics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-12-04T15:48:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-12-06T18:22:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/795\/2019\/12\/tree-log-with-fungi.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"397\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"396\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Carolyn Clabo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@UNC_BCBP\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@UNC_BCBP\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Carolyn Clabo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/news\/how-tiny-enzymes-reign-supreme-in-world-wide-carbon-recycling\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/news\/how-tiny-enzymes-reign-supreme-in-world-wide-carbon-recycling\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Carolyn Clabo\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/#\/schema\/person\/9693a4e0a76e8208ca2105ae25587332\"},\"headline\":\"How Tiny Enzymes Reign Supreme in World-wide Carbon Recycling\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-12-04T15:48:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-12-06T18:22:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/news\/how-tiny-enzymes-reign-supreme-in-world-wide-carbon-recycling\/\"},\"wordCount\":264,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/news\/how-tiny-enzymes-reign-supreme-in-world-wide-carbon-recycling\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/biochem\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/795\/2019\/12\/tree-log-with-fungi.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"2019-faculty-year-review\",\"Faculty &amp; 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