{"id":17780,"date":"2025-11-11T14:59:55","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T19:59:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/cfar\/2017\/05\/mi-questions-and-topics-listening-and-reflective-listening\/"},"modified":"2026-01-08T15:50:05","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T20:50:05","slug":"listening-and-reflective-listening-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/cfar\/2025\/11\/listening-and-reflective-listening-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Listening and Reflective Listening (Part 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>When we think about \u201cgood listening\u201d there are many aspects that come to mind. And behind this practice is a belief and trust that it can be beneficial for clients to explore their own experiences, perceptions, and motivations. By being in the presence of a \u201cgood listener\u201d and having the client exploring their own experience, an atmosphere is created for change to be possible. And we know that change, healing, and transformation is not related to us, as practitioners, sharing our expertise. Instead, it is by being with a client as they do the work of looking at their own life situation and circumstances. Oftentimes, however, this process of self-exploration can take many detours if there is not a skilled practitioner allowing the client to keep going, and continuing to explore and come up against material that may be uncomfortable and where there is ambivalence.<\/p>\n<p>What can be helpful is the use of reflective listening, which was originally termed \u201caccurate empathy\u201d by Carl Rogers (1965) and \u201cactive listening\u201d by his student Thomas Gordon (1970). And in my experience, I have found this practice to be extremely useful not only in my professional work, but also in my day to day interactions with family, friends, and colleagues. I believe this skill is just good communication and can be a valuable way to interact with others.<\/p>\n<p>We often think being quiet for a period of time while the other person is talking is \u201cgood listening.\u201d However, in reflective listening, the key is how the practitioner responds to what is being said by the client. This is why Thomas Gordon (1970) referred to listening as an \u201cactive\u201d and not as a \u201cpassive\u201d experience for the practitioner. And to illustrate this point, Gordon described 12 kinds of responses that people often share with each other that are not listening:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ordering, direction, or commanding<\/li>\n<li>Warning, cautioning, or threatening<\/li>\n<li>Giving advice, making suggestions, or providing solutions<\/li>\n<li>Persuading with logic, arguing, or lecturing<\/li>\n<li>Telling people what they should do; moralizing<\/li>\n<li>Disagreeing, judging, criticizing, or blaming<\/li>\n<li>Agreeing, approving, or praising<\/li>\n<li>Shaming, ridiculing, or labeling<\/li>\n<li>Interpreting or analyzing<\/li>\n<li>Reassuring, sympathizing, or consoling<\/li>\n<li>Questioning or probing<\/li>\n<li>Withdrawing, distracting, humoring, or changing the subject<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Gordon refers to these 12 response categories as \u201croadblocks\u201d because they can interfere with listening and distract the client from self-exploration. The other \u201cdynamic\u201d that is often created is one of unevenness and where the practitioner is seen as the expert and where the client shifts their focus from their own experience to what the practitioner is saying\u2026and where the interaction is no longer client-centered.<\/p>\n<p>An example provided by Gordon is a practitioner talking with a client who feels two ways about an important decision. Gordon has put in the number corresponding to the \u201croadblocks\u201d above.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Client:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I just don\u2019t know whether to leave him or not.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Practitioner: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 You should do whatever you think is best. (#5)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Client: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0But that\u2019s the point! I don\u2019t know what\u2019s best!<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Practitioner: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Yes, you do, in your heart. (#6)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Client: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Well, I just feel trapped, stifled in our relationship.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Practitioner: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Have you thought about separating for a while to see how you feel? (#3)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Client: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0But I love him, and it would hurt him so much if I left!<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Practitioner: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Yet, if you don\u2019t do it, you could be wasting your life. (#2)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Client: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0But isn\u2019t that kind of selfish?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Practitioner: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 It\u2019s just what you have to do to take care of yourself. (#4)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Client: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0I just don\u2019t know how I could do it, how I\u2019d manage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Practitioner: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I\u2019m sure you\u2019ll be fine. (#10)<\/p>\n<p>The client has not been supported in their personal exploration because they have had to respond to the \u201croadblocks\u201d brought up by the practitioner. The practitioner has not been listening, but instead, has been guiding the client towards leaving the relationship.<\/p>\n<p>This blog post has primarily focused on the evolution of listening and \u201croadblocks\u201d that are often experienced in verbal interactions with others. Next month, we will focus on reflective listening and effective responses back to the client in order for the conversation to continue and personal exploration of ambivalence to occur.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/quotefancy.com\/media\/wallpaper\/3840x2160\/45096-Jiddu-Krishnamurti-Quote-When-you-are-listening-to-somebody.jpg\" alt=\"Jiddu Krishnamurti Quote: \u201cWhen you are listening to somebody, completely, attentively, then you are listening not only to the words, but also to...\u201d\" width=\"412\" height=\"232\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>For more information about Motivational Interviewing resources, contact Eunice Akinyi Okumu, by phone (919) 843-2532, or by email, <a href=\"mailto:eunice_okumu@med.unc.edu\">eunice_okumu@med.unc.edu<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When we think about \u201cgood listening\u201d there are many aspects that come to mind. And behind this practice is a belief and trust that it can be beneficial for clients to explore their own experiences, perceptions, and motivations. By being in the presence of a \u201cgood listener\u201d and having the client exploring their own experience, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/cfar\/2025\/11\/listening-and-reflective-listening-1\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Listening and Reflective Listening (Part 1)\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":103351,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"layout":"","cellInformation":"","apiCallInformation":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[337,327,310],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-conversations-about-change","category-mi-process-engaging","category-motivational-interviewing-blog","odd"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Listening and Reflective Listening (Part 1) - UNC Center for AIDS Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/cfar\/2025\/11\/listening-and-reflective-listening-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Listening and Reflective Listening (Part 1) - UNC Center for AIDS Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When we think about \u201cgood listening\u201d there are many aspects that come to mind. And behind this practice is a belief and trust that it can be beneficial for clients to explore their own experiences, perceptions, and motivations. By being in the presence of a \u201cgood listener\u201d and having the client exploring their own experience, &hellip; Read more\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/cfar\/2025\/11\/listening-and-reflective-listening-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UNC Center for AIDS Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-11T19:59:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-08T20:50:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/quotefancy.com\/media\/wallpaper\/3840x2160\/45096-Jiddu-Krishnamurti-Quote-When-you-are-listening-to-somebody.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Eunice Okumu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Eunice Okumu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/cfar\/2025\/11\/listening-and-reflective-listening-1\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/cfar\/2025\/11\/listening-and-reflective-listening-1\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Eunice Okumu\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/cfar\/#\/schema\/person\/271543cf7c8a4ce87597d4b4c7978930\"},\"headline\":\"Listening and Reflective Listening (Part 1)\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-11T19:59:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-08T20:50:05+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/cfar\/2025\/11\/listening-and-reflective-listening-1\/\"},\"wordCount\":713,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/cfar\/2025\/11\/listening-and-reflective-listening-1\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/quotefancy.com\/media\/wallpaper\/3840x2160\/45096-Jiddu-Krishnamurti-Quote-When-you-are-listening-to-somebody.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Conversations About Change\",\"MI Process: Engaging\",\"Motivational Interviewing Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/cfar\/2025\/11\/listening-and-reflective-listening-1\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/cfar\/2025\/11\/listening-and-reflective-listening-1\/\",\"name\":\"Listening and Reflective Listening (Part 1) - 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