{"id":14041,"date":"2024-07-26T08:59:59","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T12:59:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/genetics\/?p=14041"},"modified":"2024-07-26T09:01:38","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T13:01:38","slug":"study-reveals-cell-death-cascade-in-airway-cells-infected-with-sars-cov-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/genetics\/study-reveals-cell-death-cascade-in-airway-cells-infected-with-sars-cov-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Study Reveals \u201cCell Death Cascade\u201d in Airway Cells Infected with SARS-CoV-2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\">Researchers in the lab of Jenny Ting, PhD, the William Kenan Distinguished Professor of Genetics and professor of microbiology and immunology, have made numerous findings about how cell death from SARS-CoV-2 infection may directly influence disease progression.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<figure id=\"35338\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption featured-image alignright\">\n<figure class=\"thumbnail wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 310px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.unchealthcare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1159\/2024\/07\/Increased-pixel-depth__MAX_omicron_72HPI_488pMLKL_555N_3_best-002-1024x1024.jpg\" data-slb-active=\"1\" data-slb-asset=\"1984732469\" data-slb-internal=\"0\" data-slb-group=\"35330\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-medium wp-post-image\" src=\"https:\/\/news.unchealthcare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1159\/2024\/07\/Increased-pixel-depth__MAX_omicron_72HPI_488pMLKL_555N_3_best-002-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">A human airway epithelial cell (A549 cell line) undergoes necroptosis upon infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). Active necroptosis is shown in cyan, SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is shown in pink, the borders of the airway epithelial cells are shown in yellow, and the cell nucleus is shown in blue. Credit: Katherine Barnett, PhD<\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>CHAPEL HILL, N.C.<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Researchers in the lab of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/genetics\/directory\/jenny-py-ting-phd\/\">Jenny Ting, PhD<\/a>, the William Kenan Distinguished Professor of Genetics and professor of microbiology and immunology at the UNC School of Medicine and member of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/unclineberger.org\/\">UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center<\/a>, have identified how the COVID-19 virus causes death in the cells lining the human airways.<\/p>\n<p>Their findings, which\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciimmunol.adn0178\">were published<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0<em>Science Immunology<\/em>, showed that infected cells and uninfected bystander cells undergo different versions of cell death. Researchers also concluded that the higher levels of viral replication directly influence disease severity and higher levels of cell death in different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.<\/p>\n<p>Programmed cell death is an important part of cell development, the immune system, and viral infection. There are three well-studied forms. Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that allows cells to die without causing harm to the surrounding tissue, whereas necroptosis causes inflammation and tissue damage. Pyroptosis is a form of cell death that causes widespread inflammation as cells break down.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSince we found that necroptosis is directly caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, while apoptosis and pyroptosis are secondary to this, necroptosis makes an ideal therapeutic target because it is the initiator of this cell death cascade,\u201d said Katherine Barnett, PhD, postdoctoral fellow in the Ting lab and co-first author on the paper. \u201cIt will be interesting to follow up our basic research with more translational studies.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Under the microscope, researchers found that infected cells in the airway experienced necroptosis, a form of cell death associated with tissue damage. When they zoomed in on uninfected cells surrounding the infected ones, researchers made a surprising finding. Ting and Liang observed that these cells undergo apoptosis, a \u2018silent\u2019 form of cell death, followed by pyroptosis, a more aggressive, inflammatory type of cell death.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is hard to distinguish the cell death events from cell to cell, but I am glad we got it to work and showed the different kinds of cell death in infected and uninfected cells,\u201d said Kaixin Liang, PhD, BDS, postdoctoral fellow in the Ting lab and co-first author on the paper. \u201cEven though it is still a long way to unmask the complexity of the interplay between cell death events, we made one step forward to the ultimate goal.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This is the first time that death events have been described to differ between infected and uninfected cells in the airway epithelium during SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings suggest that cell death may directly influence disease progression in patients.<\/p>\n<p>Using cell lines, primary human airway epithelial cells, murine models, and other disease models, researchers compared and contrasted cell death in the two variants of concern to determine if there is a relationship between cell death and disease severity. They verified that mouse models infected with the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 experienced higher rates of viral replication and cell death than did mouse models infected with the Omicron variant.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This article originally appeared in the <a href=\"https:\/\/news.unchealthcare.org\/2024\/07\/study-reveals-cell-death-cascade-in-airway-cells-infected-with-sars-cov-2\/\">UNC Health Newsroom<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers in the lab of Jenny Ting, PhD, the William Kenan Distinguished Professor of Genetics and professor of microbiology and immunology, have made numerous findings about how cell death from SARS-CoV-2 infection may directly influence disease progression.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28418,"featured_media":10667,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[46],"class_list":["post-14041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-ting","odd"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Study Reveals \u201cCell Death Cascade\u201d in Airway Cells Infected with SARS-CoV-2 | Department of Genetics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/genetics\/study-reveals-cell-death-cascade-in-airway-cells-infected-with-sars-cov-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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