\n
Media contact: Mark Derewicz, 919-923-0959, mark.derewicz@unch.unc.edu<\/p>\n
October 5, 2015<\/p>\n
CHAPEL HILL, NC \u2013 Researchers at the UNC School of Medicine found that people with anorexia nervosa have very different microbial communities residing inside their guts compared to healthy individuals and that this bacterial imbalance is associated with some of the psychological symptoms related to the eating disorder.<\/p>\n
The findings, published today in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine<\/i>, provide more evidence that the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota \u2013 the trillions of bacteria that affect digestive health and immunity \u2013 could also affect the so-called \u201cgut-brain axis.\u201d This research suggests that gut bacteria could play a prominent role in the debilitating symptoms of anorexia nervosa, a serious eating disorder that affects more than 3 million Americans and has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.<\/p>\n
\u201cOther studies have linked gut bacteria to weight regulation and behavior,\u201d said Ian Carroll, PhD, senior author of the paper and assistant professor of medicine in the UNC Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease. \u201cSince people with anorexia nervosa exhibit extreme weight dysregulation, we decided to study this relationship further.\u201d<\/p>\n
Carroll added, \u201cWe\u2019re not able to say a gut bacterial imbalance causes<\/i> the symptoms of anorexia nervosa, including associated symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. But the severe limitation of nutritional intake at the center of anorexia nervosa could change the composition of the gut microbial community. These changes could contribute to the anxiety, depression, and further weight loss of people with the disorder. It\u2019s a vicious cycle, and we want to see if we can help patients avoid or reverse that phenomenon. We want to know if altering their gut microbiota could help them with weight maintenance and mood stabilization over time.\u201d<\/p>\n
For this study, Carroll\u2019s team collected fecal samples from 16 women with anorexia nervosa after they were first admitted into the UNC Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders and then again after their weight was restored \u2013 when they were discharged from UNC. Then Susan Kleiman, a graduate student in Carroll\u2019s lab and first author of the paper, characterized the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in each sample.<\/p>\n
Kleiman found significant changes in the gut bacteria populations between admission and discharge. The samples taken at clinic admission had fewer different types of bacteria, making the intestinal communities much less diverse. Microbial diversity is a sign of better overall health. Upon hospital discharge, the microbial diversity had increased, but was still significantly less diverse than that of 12 healthy individuals, whose gut microbiotas were analyzed for this study.<\/p>\n
As the microbial communities in patients with anorexia improved during clinical care and weight gain, the moods of patients also improved. Thus, the researchers noted an association between the gut microbiota and a central symptom of people with anorexia nervosa.<\/p>\n
The question remains whether improving microbial abundance and diversity could help relieve symptoms related to the eating disorder. To find out, Carroll formed a team of researchers including Cynthia Bulik, PhD, director of the UNC Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders; John Cryan, PhD, professor at University College Cork; Lisa Tarantino, PhD, assistant professor of psychiatry at UNC-Chapel Hill; Anthony Fodor, PhD, a bioinformatics expert at UNC-Charlotte, and Hunna Watson, PhD, a psychologist and biostatistician at UNC-Chapel Hill.<\/p>\n
This month, they received a five-year, $2.5-million grant from the National Institutes of Mental Health to further study the relationship between the gut microbiota and anorexia nervosa.<\/p>\n
\u201cOver the past 10 years, prominent researchers have learned that when you take gut microbial communities of an obese person and put it in germ-free mice — which are maintained in sterile conditions and lack intestinal microbiota – the mice gain more weight than germ-free mice that have been colonized with a gut microbiota from a lean individual,\u201d Carroll said. \u201cThis suggests that gut microbes mediate weight gain or loss.\u201d<\/p>\n
Other animal studies showed that adding gut bacteria to previously germ-free mice altered their behavior, especially in relation to anxiety and stress.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe\u2019re not saying that altering gut bacteria will be the magic bullet for people with anorexia nervosa,\u201d Carroll said. \u201cOther important factors are at play, obviously. But the gut microbiota is clearly important for a variety of health and brain-related issues in humans. And it could be important for people with anorexia nervosa.\u201d<\/p>\n
As part of the new NIH grant, his team will characterize the microbiotas of a large number of people with anorexia nervosa as they enter UNC\u2019s clinic and when they are discharged, which typically happens when they reach about 85 percent of their ideal body weight. Then his team will put those gut bacteria in germ-free mice. This will help Carroll learn how the microbiota from anorexia nervosa patients affects the biology and behavior of the mice.<\/p>\n
If Carroll\u2019s team learns that the bacteria has a detrimental effect on the mice, then this might suggest that cultivating a healthy microbiota could serve as a therapeutic route to help people with anorexia nervosa.<\/p>\n
\u201cCurrently available treatments for anorexia nervosa are suboptimal,\u201d Bulik said. \u201cIn addition, the process of weight gain and renourishment can be extremely uncomfortable for patients. Often, patients are discharged from the hospital, and within months and sometimes weeks they find themselves losing weight again and facing readmission. If specific alterations in their microbiota could make renourishment less uncomfortable, help patients regulate their weight, and positively affect behavior, then we might see fewer readmissions and more cures.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ian Carroll, PhD, is a member of the UNC Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease. Susan Kleiman is a graduate student in the department of nutrition in the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health and the UNC School of Medicine. Cynthia Bulik, PhD, is Distinguished Professor of Eating Disorders in the Department of Psychiatry. <\/i>The National Institutes of Health and TJ\u2019s Fund for Eating Disorder Research, administered by the Academy for Eating Disorders, supported this research.<\/i><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" <\/p>\n
Studying the \u2018gut-brain axis,\u2019 UNC researchers find evidence of an association between the gut microbiota and the eating disorder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3410,"featured_media":3984,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"layout":"","cellInformation":"","apiCallInformation":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[97,2],"tags":[60],"class_list":["post-3983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gastroenterology","category-news","tag-60","odd"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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