{"id":49487,"date":"2021-02-15T10:01:43","date_gmt":"2021-02-15T15:01:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/?p=49487"},"modified":"2023-06-06T18:06:19","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T22:06:19","slug":"loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/","title":{"rendered":"Loeser Co-Authors Comprehensive JAMA Review Article on Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment of Hip, Knee Osteoarthritis"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"richard-loeser\"<\/a>
Richard Loeser, MD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The article, co-authored by Richard Loeser<\/a>, MD, the Joseph P. Archie, Jr. Eminent Professor of Medicine in the division of rheumatology, allergy & immunology, provides a review of previous, current and evolving views regarding the disease, including treatments ranging from behavior modification, to advanced new therapies.<\/p>\n

Osteoarthritis is now understood to have a complex pathophysiology affecting multiple joints and joint structures.\u00a0 Read more from the UNC Health and UNC School of Medicine Newsroom<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The article, co-authored by Richard Loeser, MD, the Joseph P. Archie, Jr. Eminent Professor of Medicine in the division of rheumatology, allergy & immunology, provides a review of previous, current and evolving views regarding the disease, including treatments ranging from behavior modification, to advanced new therapies. Osteoarthritis is now understood to have a complex pathophysiology … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":69419,"featured_media":4429,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"layout":"","cellInformation":"","apiCallInformation":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[630],"class_list":["post-49487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-630","odd"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLoeser Co-Authors Comprehensive JAMA Review Article on Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment of Hip, Knee Osteoarthritis | Department of Medicine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Loeser Co-Authors Comprehensive JAMA Review Article on Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment of Hip, Knee Osteoarthritis | Department of Medicine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The article, co-authored by Richard Loeser, MD, the Joseph P. Archie, Jr. Eminent Professor of Medicine in the division of rheumatology, allergy & immunology, provides a review of previous, current and evolving views regarding the disease, including treatments ranging from behavior modification, to advanced new therapies. Osteoarthritis is now understood to have a complex pathophysiology … Read more\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Department of Medicine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/UNCDeptMedicine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-02-15T15:01:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-06T22:06:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"368\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"486\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kim Morris\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@uncdeptmedicine\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@uncdeptmedicine\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kim Morris\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kim Morris\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/#\/schema\/person\/9a358414a53d5237f9ba3f8daa55c529\"},\"headline\":\"Loeser Co-Authors Comprehensive JAMA Review Article on Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment of Hip, Knee Osteoarthritis\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-02-15T15:01:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-06T22:06:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/\"},\"wordCount\":97,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2.png\",\"keywords\":[\"2021\"],\"articleSection\":[\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/\",\"name\":\"Loeser Co-Authors Comprehensive JAMA Review Article on Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment of Hip, Knee Osteoarthritis | Department of Medicine\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-02-15T15:01:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-06T22:06:19+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/#\/schema\/person\/9a358414a53d5237f9ba3f8daa55c529\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2.png\",\"width\":368,\"height\":486,\"caption\":\"Dr. Richard Loeser\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Loeser Co-Authors Comprehensive JAMA Review Article on Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment of Hip, Knee Osteoarthritis\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/\",\"name\":\"Department of Medicine\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/#\/schema\/person\/9a358414a53d5237f9ba3f8daa55c529\",\"name\":\"Kim Morris\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/95c34b3e4d55a602b94260bccc6350c2ddfdde901530a734fe6c8fa9e3a5d399?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/95c34b3e4d55a602b94260bccc6350c2ddfdde901530a734fe6c8fa9e3a5d399?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Kim Morris\"},\"description\":\"Medicine - Dept of\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/author\/kcmorris\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Loeser Co-Authors Comprehensive JAMA Review Article on Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment of Hip, Knee Osteoarthritis | Department of Medicine","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Loeser Co-Authors Comprehensive JAMA Review Article on Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment of Hip, Knee Osteoarthritis | Department of Medicine","og_description":"The article, co-authored by Richard Loeser, MD, the Joseph P. Archie, Jr. Eminent Professor of Medicine in the division of rheumatology, allergy & immunology, provides a review of previous, current and evolving views regarding the disease, including treatments ranging from behavior modification, to advanced new therapies. Osteoarthritis is now understood to have a complex pathophysiology … Read more","og_url":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/","og_site_name":"Department of Medicine","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/UNCDeptMedicine","article_published_time":"2021-02-15T15:01:43+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-06-06T22:06:19+00:00","og_image":[{"width":368,"height":486,"url":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Kim Morris","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@uncdeptmedicine","twitter_site":"@uncdeptmedicine","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Kim Morris"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/"},"author":{"name":"Kim Morris","@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/#\/schema\/person\/9a358414a53d5237f9ba3f8daa55c529"},"headline":"Loeser Co-Authors Comprehensive JAMA Review Article on Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment of Hip, Knee Osteoarthritis","datePublished":"2021-02-15T15:01:43+00:00","dateModified":"2023-06-06T22:06:19+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/"},"wordCount":97,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2.png","keywords":["2021"],"articleSection":["News"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/","url":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/","name":"Loeser Co-Authors Comprehensive JAMA Review Article on Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment of Hip, Knee Osteoarthritis | Department of Medicine","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2.png","datePublished":"2021-02-15T15:01:43+00:00","dateModified":"2023-06-06T22:06:19+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/#\/schema\/person\/9a358414a53d5237f9ba3f8daa55c529"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2.png","width":368,"height":486,"caption":"Dr. Richard Loeser"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/loeser-co-authors-comprehensive-jama-review-article-on-causes-diagnosis-treatment-of-hip-knee-osteoarthritis\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Loeser Co-Authors Comprehensive JAMA Review Article on Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment of Hip, Knee Osteoarthritis"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/","name":"Department of Medicine","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/#\/schema\/person\/9a358414a53d5237f9ba3f8daa55c529","name":"Kim Morris","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/95c34b3e4d55a602b94260bccc6350c2ddfdde901530a734fe6c8fa9e3a5d399?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/95c34b3e4d55a602b94260bccc6350c2ddfdde901530a734fe6c8fa9e3a5d399?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Kim Morris"},"description":"Medicine - Dept of","url":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/author\/kcmorris\/"}]}},"featured_image":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2.png","featured_image_medium":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2-227x300.png","featured_image_medium_large":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2.png","featured_image_large":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2.png","featured_image_thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/945\/2018\/12\/npr-osteoarthritis-health-story-features-uncs-dr-richard-loeser-image2-150x150.png","featured_image_alt":"Dr. Richard Loeser","category_details":[{"name":"News","link":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/category\/news\/"}],"tag_details":[{"name":"2021","link":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/news\/tag\/2021\/"}],"_links_to":[],"_links_to_target":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49487","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/69419"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49487"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49487\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4429"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}