{"id":21499,"date":"2025-07-25T15:21:03","date_gmt":"2025-07-25T19:21:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/?page_id=21499"},"modified":"2025-07-25T16:56:06","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T20:56:06","slug":"patient-education-resources","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/divisions\/memory-and-cognitive-disorders-1\/educational-resources\/patient-education-resources\/","title":{"rendered":"Patient Education Resources"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-xs-12 col-sm-12 oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n<a class=\"btn btn-success btn-lg btn-block  oscitas-bootstrap-container\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#normal-aging-brain-health\">Normal Brain Aging<\/a>\n<a class=\"btn btn-success btn-lg btn-block  oscitas-bootstrap-container\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#mild-cognitive-impairment\">Mild Cognitive Impairment<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-xs-12 col-sm-12 oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n<a class=\"btn btn-success btn-lg btn-block  oscitas-bootstrap-container\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#evaluation\">Evaluation<\/a>\n<a class=\"btn btn-success btn-lg btn-block  oscitas-bootstrap-container\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#dementia\">Dementia<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<a class=\"btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block  oscitas-bootstrap-container\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#additional-resources\">Additional Resources<\/a>\n<h2 id=\"normal-aging-brain-health\"><h2 class=\"section-som\"><span>Normal Aging &amp; Brain Health<\/span><\/h2><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As we age, everyone has so-called \u201csenior moments\u201d from time to time.\u00a0 For example, we walk into a room, and we can\u2019t remember why we came; we forget where we laid our keys; we forget someone\u2019s name.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When this happens, we often ask ourselves, \u201cIs this normal aging?\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Each of these situations can be concerning but are often found to be a normal part of aging.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div role=\"tablist\" class=\"panel-group accordion-icon-left accordion-solid oscitas-bootstrap-container\" id=\"unc-accordion-0\">\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-0-0\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-0-0\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-0\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-0-0\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-0-0\">\n                What does normal aging in the brain mean?            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-0-0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As we get older, parts of the brain do shrink, and the communication between one part of the brain and another slows.\u00a0 Blood flow to the brain may decrease. Inflammation in the brain may increase. Each of these changes can affect our mental functions even as healthy adults.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-0-1\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-0-1\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-0\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-0-1\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-0-1\">\n                Supporting Health Brain Aging            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-0-1\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">We can do this through changes in our lifestyle; changes involving what we eat and what we do.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For example, you can begin a regular exercise regimen such as walking regularly. Studies have shown that exercise of some kind 150 minutes per week has a protective effect on our brains.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">You can make some changes to your diet to include more fresh fruits and vegetables. The Mediterranean diet and the MIND diet are two diets which have shown evidence of improving or slowing cognitive decline.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<a class=\"btn btn-primary btn-lg  oscitas-bootstrap-container\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/alzheimers-and-dementia\/what-do-we-know-about-diet-and-prevention-alzheimers-disease\">What Do We Know About Diet and Preventing of Alzheimer's Disease?<\/a>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">You can increase activities with others to decrease social isolation. If you are mostly alone, take steps to be more engaged with others. For example, join a group at your local senior center, church, or community organization.\u00a0 Engaging in conversation is good for our brain health.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sleep is a very important part of brain health. It may be that with a few changes, you can ensure a good night\u2019s sleep of at least 6-7 hours.\u00a0 Talk with your doctor if you are not sleeping well.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hearing is another important part of brain health. If you have a hearing problem, be sure to see a specialist to determine if you need to be fitted for a hearing aid.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Another area which can affect your brain health is your blood pressure. Be sure to check your blood pressure regularly and take medications if directed to decrease high blood pressure.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Being intentional about addressing these issues will help to promote your brain health.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The National Institute of Aging website provides good information on normal aging and what you can do to maintain good brain health. For example, it states that you should consider both environmental and lifestyle factors\u202fthat you can change or managed to help reduce your risk. They list the following factors:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Some physical and mental health problems, such as high blood pressure or depression<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Some medications or improper use of medicines<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Exercising too little<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Eating a poor Diet<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Smoking<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Drinking too much alcohol<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Having Sleep problems<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Being Socially isolated and\/or lonely<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a class=\"btn btn-primary btn-lg  oscitas-bootstrap-container\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/brain-health\/cognitive-health-and-older-adults#reduce%20risks\">Learn More<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-0-2\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-0-2\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-0\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-0-2\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-0-2\">\n                Concerned about Memory Loss - There May Be Other Causes            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-0-2\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n<p>It\u2019s common to worry about dementia when memory problems begin. But not all memory loss is caused by Alzheimer\u2019s or related conditions. In fact, there are many treatable reasons why someone might experience changes in memory or thinking, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Medication side effects<\/li>\n<li>Hormonal imbalances<\/li>\n<li>Vitamin or electrolyte deficiencies<\/li>\n<li>Small strokes (also called \u201cmini-strokes\u201d or TIAs)<\/li>\n<li>Delirium (sudden confusion, often due to illness or medication)<\/li>\n<li>Poor nutrition or dehydration<\/li>\n<li>Anemia (low red blood cell count)<\/li>\n<li>Stress or anxiety<\/li>\n<li>Depression<\/li>\n<li>Infections<\/li>\n<li>Alcohol use<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you or someone you care about is having trouble with memory, problem-solving, or staying organized, it\u2019s important to talk with your doctor. A thorough evaluation can help identify the cause\u2014and in many cases, there are steps you can take to feel better and stay sharp.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"evaluation\"><h2 class=\"section-som\"><span>When It&#8217;s Worth Getting Evaluated<\/span><\/h2><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Many people ask, \u201cSo, when do I need to be concerned about my memory?\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Memory loss that impacts your daily life is concerning and signals that you should be evaluated for a cognitive problem.\u00a0 For example, if you have trouble paying the bills; if you forget to do them, or if you are unable to organize and plan to get them done. These are just a few examples of behaviors which indicate you need to talk with your doctor.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The CDC offers the following list to help you determine when you should be evaluated.<\/span><\/p>\n<div role=\"tablist\" class=\"panel-group accordion-icon-left accordion-solid oscitas-bootstrap-container\" id=\"unc-accordion-1\">\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-1-0\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-1-0\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-1\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-1-0\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-1-0\">\n                Memory Loss is Disrupting Your Daily Life            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-1-0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">Forgetting events, repeating yourself, or relying on more aids to help you remember (like sticky notes or reminders).<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-1-1\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-1-1\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-1\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-1-1\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-1-1\">\n                Experiencing Challenges with Planning or Solving Problems            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-1-1\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">Having trouble paying bills or cooking recipes you have used for years.<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-1-2\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-1-2\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-1\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-1-2\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-1-2\">\n                Having Difficulties Completing Familiar Tasks at Home or at Work            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-1-2\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">Having problems with cooking, driving places, using a cell phone, or shopping.<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-1-3\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-1-3\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-1\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-1-3\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-1-3\">\n                Confusion with Time or Place            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-1-3\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">Having trouble understanding an event that is happening later, or losing track of dates.<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-1-4\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-1-4\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-1\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-1-4\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-1-4\">\n                Trouble Understanding Visual Images and Spatial Relations            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-1-4\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">Having more difficulty with balance or judging distance, tripping over things at home, or spilling or dropping things more often.<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<a class=\"btn btn-default btn-lg  oscitas-bootstrap-container\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/alzheimers-dementia\/signs-symptoms\/alzheimers.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/aging\/healthybrain\/ten-warning-signs.html\">Visit the CDC Website for more information<\/a>\n<h2><h2 class=\"section-som\"><span>The Value of an Early Diagnosis of Dementia<\/span><\/h2><\/h2>\n<p>Many people who begin having cognitive problems that impact daily activities will delay sharing this information with their health care provider. For example, someone may keep forgetting to pay their bills on time or they may pay them twice. If these types of issues occur frequently, we recommend a visit to see a specialist, such as a neurologist, who can fully assess and diagnose cognitive issues such as dementia. By identifying dementia early, you may be able to take steps to slow its effects.<\/p>\n<p>There are many factors that impact cognition. Some of these factors are \u201cmodifiable\u201d meaning they can be improved and potentially slow the progression of cognitive decline. It is important to identify these factors which may include conditions such as depression, sleep disorders or hypertension.<\/p>\n<p>Early diagnosis of dementia enables you to be proactive in caring for yourself. Knowing what is wrong will allow you to focus your attention on measures you can take now while you enjoy time with the people and things you care about.<\/p>\n<p>Sharing your diagnosis with family and friends will encourage conversations about your needs and desires over time. Talking with those you trust and planning for your future will allow you to make the best decisions about how to live your life now.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mild-cognitive-impairment\"><h2 class=\"section-som\"><span>Mild Cognitive Impairment<\/span><\/h2><\/h2>\n<p>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is when you are growing older and developing memory problems greater than what is expected for your age, but you are not experiencing personality changes or other problems that are characteristic of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Researchers cannot yet definitively say that people with MCI will or will not go on to develop Alzheimer\u2019s disease, or if its progress can be prevented or delayed. Studies have shown that if you are experiencing MCI and also having trouble moving your legs and feet, you may be twice as likely to later develop Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dementia\"><h2 class=\"section-som\"><span>Dementia<\/span><\/h2><\/h2>\n<p>Dementia is a disorder of the brain that results in declined cognitive performance, causing individuals to lose the ability to think, process, judge, and appropriately respond to information. Dementia is a broad term, covering many different diseases of the brain. Some of the more well-known kinds of dementia include\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alz.org\/alzheimers-dementia\/what-is-alzheimers\">Alzheimer\u2019s disease<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alz.org\/alzheimers-dementia\/what-is-dementia\/types-of-dementia\/dementia-with-lewy-bodies\">Lewy body dementia<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/divisions\/memory-and-cognitive-disorders-1\/types-of-dementia\/vascular-dementia\/\">vascular dementias<\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alz.org\/alzheimers-dementia\/what-is-dementia\/types-of-dementia\/frontotemporal-dementia\">frontotemporal dementias<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div role=\"tablist\" class=\"panel-group accordion-icon-left accordion-solid oscitas-bootstrap-container\" id=\"unc-accordion-2\">\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-2-0\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-2-0\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-2\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-2-0\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-2-0\">\n                How is Dementia Diagnosed?            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-2-0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">There are very early signs and symptoms of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, mild dementia, moderate dementia, and severe dementia. Biomarkers are indicators, such as changes in sensory abilities, or substances that appear in body fluids like blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine. Biomarkers can indicate exposure to a substance, the presence of a disease, or the progression of a disease over time. Such tools are critical to helping scientists detect and understand the very early signs and symptoms of dementia.<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-2-1\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-2-1\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-2\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-2-1\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-2-1\">\n                Do We Know What Causes Dementia?            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-2-1\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n<p>We still aren\u2019t entirely sure what causes dementia, but we are learning more and more every day. Great strides have been made in the last twenty years alone, and we have more information now than ever before to give us clues about where these diseases come from and how to treat them.<\/p>\n<p>We have learned that there are genes we inherit that may influence our susceptibility to dementia. However, having this gene does not necessarily mean that you will develop dementia, and not having the gene doesn\u2019t mean that you won\u2019t develop dementia anyway. We also believe that dementia is a chronic illness that develops over time, and reacts with other medical conditions and everyday exposures.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-2-2\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-2-2\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-2\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-2-2\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-2-2\">\n                Is There A Cure?            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-2-2\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">Unfortunately, there is not yet a cure for dementia. However, there are many FDA-approved medications that help treat the symptoms of the disease, and can help slow down your memory problems as well as treat other potential risk factors such as heart disease. Although no two cases are alike, there several medications on the market that have helped many individuals slow down their condition.<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-2-3\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-2-3\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-2\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-2-3\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-2-3\">\n                How Common is Dementia?            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-2-3\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">In the U.S., there are believed to be at least 5 million individuals with age-related dementias. These numbers will only continue to rise with the aging of the U.S. population. It is estimated that 1 in 6 women, and 1 in 10 men, who live past the age of 55 will develop dementia in their lifetime. Dementia caused by nervous system disease, especially Alzheimer\u2019s disease, is increasing in frequency more than most other types of dementia.<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-2-4\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-2-4\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-2\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-2-4\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-2-4\">\n                Who Gets Dementia?            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-2-4\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">Dementia is considered a late-life disease because it tends to develop mostly in elderly people. About 5% to 8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. It is estimated that as many as half of people in their eighties suffer from dementia.<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-2-5\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-2-5\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-2\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-2-5\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-2-5\">\n                What Dementias are Treatable?            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-2-5\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n<p>Dementia due to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Long-term substance abuse<\/li>\n<li>Tumors that can be removed<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.webmd.com\/brain\/subdural-hematoma-symptoms-causes-treatments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Subdural hematoma<\/a>, accumulation of blood beneath the outer covering of the brain as a result of a broken blood vessel, usually caused by head injury<\/li>\n<li>Normal-pressure hydrocephalus<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.webmd.com\/a-to-z-guides\/inherited-metabolic-disorder-types-and-treatments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Metabolic disorders<\/a>, such as a vitamin B12 deficiency<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.webmd.com\/a-to-z-guides\/hypothyroidism-topic-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hypothyroidism<\/a>, a condition that results from an underactive thyroid<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/diabetes.webmd.com\/tc\/hypoglycemia-low-blood-sugar-topic-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hypoglycemia<\/a>, a condition that results from low blood sugar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Types of Dementia<\/h3>\n<div role=\"tablist\" class=\"panel-group accordion-icon-left accordion-solid oscitas-bootstrap-container\" id=\"unc-accordion-3\">\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-3-0\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-3-0\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-3\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-3-0\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-3-0\">\n                Alzheimer's Disease            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-3-0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n<p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease is a type of dementia that causes problems with your memory, thinking, logical reasoning, and behavior. It is the most common form of dementia, with as many as 5.7 million Americans living with Alzheimer\u2019s today.<\/p>\n<p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease is a progressive disorder that attack\u2019s the brain\u2019s nerve cells (neurons), and results in memory loss, behavioral changes, and loss of thinking and language skills. The neurons in your brain are all interconnected, and they fire every few seconds to give off a charge which keeps your brain active. In Alzheimer\u2019s disease, these neurons get tangled up and clogged with sticky protein plaques to the point that they can no longer fire a charge. When a neuron cannot function properly, it dies out. As more and more neurons die out, those areas of the brain wear down resulting in lost memory and functioning. This is typically a very slow process, one that takes years for the condition to fully develop.<\/p>\n<p>For detailed information on Alzheimer\u2019s disease, please visit the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alz.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alzheimer\u2019s Association\u2019s website<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-3-1\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-3-1\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-3\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-3-1\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-3-1\">\n                Lewy Body Dementia            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-3-1\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\nLewy body dementia is a condition that closely resembles two other conditions, Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Because of its similarity to these other more common diseases, Lewy body dementia oftentimes goes undiagnosed by medical providers who may be unfamiliar with the condition. Lewy body dementia is also difficult to diagnose because the symptoms present themselves differently in each person. In order to receive a clear diagnosis, individuals should be seen by medical professionals who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of dementias.<\/p>\n<p>To learn more about Lewy body dementia, please visit the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lbda.org\/\">Lewy Body Dementia Association\u2019s website<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4847 size-medium alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/716\/2018\/06\/RCOE-logo-JPEG-300x80.jpeg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/716\/2018\/06\/RCOE-logo-JPEG-300x80.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/716\/2018\/06\/RCOE-logo-JPEG-150x40.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/716\/2018\/06\/RCOE-logo-JPEG-768x205.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/716\/2018\/06\/RCOE-logo-JPEG-1024x273.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/716\/2018\/06\/RCOE-logo-JPEG.jpeg 1951w\" alt=\"Lewy Body RCOE logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"80\" \/>UNC Neurology has been named a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lbda.org\/research\/research-centers-of-excellence\/university-of-north-carolina-at-chapel-hill\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LBDA Research Center of Excellence<\/a>\u00a0(RCOE) by the Lewy Body Dementia Association (LBDA), the leading advocacy group dedicated to raising awareness and advancing research about Lewy body dementia (LBD). Coordinated by Mayo Clinic, this collaboration features 25 preeminent academic medical research centers across the United States.<\/p>\n<p>The LBDA RCOE program provides a centralized, coordinated research resource, supporting an expanded effort in conducting clinical trials related to LBD while helping to provide expert clinical care for patients, families and caregivers.<\/p>\n<h3>Resources<\/h3>\n<p>Lewy body dementia community education and support facilitator, Pat Snyder, has created a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCrjzZYVyeopBjaslMmCLH3g\">YouTube channel<\/a>\u00a0with short, informative videos on a variety of topics for caregivers of patients with Lewy body dementia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-3-2\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-3-2\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-3\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-3-2\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-3-2\">\n                Frontotemporal Dementia            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-3-2\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\nFrontotemporal dementia, also known as Pick\u2019s disease, is a rare form of dementia that is very similar to Alzheimer\u2019s disease except that it only affects certain areas of the brain. Individuals with frontotemporal dementia have an abnormally high amount of a protein called \u201ctau\u201d in the brain. This protein is found in all nerve cells, but scientists are still searching for the cause of the abnormal quantities that develop in some individuals. Frontotemporal dementia is very rare and usually affects individuals between ages 40 to 60.<\/p>\n<p>This is a progressive disease that slowly worsens over time. The disease gets its name because the tau protein only affects the frontal lobes and temporal lobes of the brain.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"image-inline\" title=\"brain\" src=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/716\/2018\/05\/brain.jpg\" alt=\"brain\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Individuals with frontotemporal dementia struggle with higher level reasoning, expressive language, speech perception and memory formation as these areas of the brain begin to shrink over time.<\/p>\n<p>More information on symptoms, causes and treatment may be found on the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alz.org\/alzheimers-dementia\/what-is-dementia\/types-of-dementia\/frontotemporal-dementia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alzheimer\u2019s Association\u2019s website.<\/a><br \/>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"panel panel-default oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n    <div id=\"panel-heading-details-3-3\" class=\"panel-heading oscitas-bootstrap-container\" role=\"tab\">\n\n        <h4 class=\"panel-title oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n            <button class=\"accordion-toggle oscitas-bootstrap-container collapsed\" \n                id = \"button-details-3-3\"\n                data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-parent=\"#unc-accordion-3\"    \n                aria-controls=\"#details-3-3\"  \n                aria-expanded=\"false\" \n                href=\"#details-3-3\">\n                Vascular Dementia            <\/button>\n\n        <\/h4>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"details-3-3\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse  oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"panel-body oscitas-bootstrap-container\">\nVascular dementia is a broad term describing problems with reasoning, judgment and memory that is caused by impaired blood flow to the brain. For example, you can develop vascular dementia after a stroke blocks an artery in your brain, or when other condition damage your blood vessels and reduce circulation. Factors that increase your risk of heart disease and stroke such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol also increase your risk of developing vascular dementia.<\/p>\n<p>More information on symptoms, causes and treatment may be found on the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alz.org\/alzheimers-dementia\/what-is-dementia\/types-of-dementia\/vascular-dementia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alzheimer\u2019s Association\u2019s website.<\/a><br \/>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n        \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"additional-resources\"><h2 class=\"section-som\"><span>Additional Resources<\/span><\/h2><\/h2>\n<som-cell cell-info=\"{&quot;ID&quot;:21513,&quot;post_author&quot;:&quot;68462&quot;,&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-07-25 15:14:01&quot;,&quot;post_date_gmt&quot;:&quot;2025-07-25 19:14:01&quot;,&quot;post_content&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;post_title&quot;:&quot;Dementia Additional Resources&quot;,&quot;post_excerpt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;post_status&quot;:&quot;publish&quot;,&quot;comment_status&quot;:&quot;closed&quot;,&quot;ping_status&quot;:&quot;closed&quot;,&quot;post_password&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;post_name&quot;:&quot;dementia-additional-resources&quot;,&quot;to_ping&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;pinged&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;post_modified&quot;:&quot;2025-07-25 16:58:05&quot;,&quot;post_modified_gmt&quot;:&quot;2025-07-25 20:58:05&quot;,&quot;post_content_filtered&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;post_parent&quot;:0,&quot;guid&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.med.unc.edu\\\/neurology\\\/cell\\\/dementia-additional-resources\\\/&quot;,&quot;menu_order&quot;:0,&quot;post_type&quot;:&quot;somcell&quot;,&quot;post_mime_type&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;comment_count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;filter&quot;:&quot;raw&quot;}\" cell-meta=\"{&quot;_wpv_contains_gutenberg_views&quot;:[&quot;&quot;],&quot;_upd_sortorder&quot;:[&quot;1&quot;],&quot;layout&quot;:[&quot;RepeatableBoxes&quot;],&quot;cellInformation&quot;:[&quot;{\\&quot;singleCellBlocks\\&quot;:{},\\&quot;repeatableBoxes\\&quot;:[{\\&quot;includeLink\\&quot;:1,\\&quot;linkUrl\\&quot;:\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.alz.org\\\/alzheimers-dementia\\\/10_signs\\&quot;,\\&quot;linkText\\&quot;:\\&quot;10 Early Signs &amp; Symptoms of Alzheimer&#039;s and Dementia\\&quot;},{\\&quot;includeLink\\&quot;:1,\\&quot;linkUrl\\&quot;:\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.alz.org\\\/alzheimers-dementia\\\/difference-between-dementia-and-alzheimer-s\\&quot;,\\&quot;linkText\\&quot;:\\&quot;Dementia vs. Alzheimer&#039;s Disease: What Is the Difference?\\&quot;},{\\&quot;includeLink\\&quot;:1,\\&quot;linkUrl\\&quot;:\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.alz.org\\\/alzheimers-dementia\\\/10-steps\\&quot;,\\&quot;linkText\\&quot;:\\&quot;10 Steps to Approach Memory Concerns in Others\\&quot;},{\\&quot;includeLink\\&quot;:1,\\&quot;linkText\\&quot;:\\&quot;Stages of Alzheimer&#039;s\\&quot;,\\&quot;linkUrl\\&quot;:\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.alz.org\\\/alzheimers-dementia\\\/stages\\&quot;},{\\&quot;includeLink\\&quot;:1,\\&quot;linkUrl\\&quot;:\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.alz.org\\\/alzheimers-dementia\\\/facts-figures\\&quot;,\\&quot;linkText\\&quot;:\\&quot;Alzheimer&#039;s Disease Facts &amp; Figures\\&quot;},{\\&quot;includeLink\\&quot;:1,\\&quot;linkUrl\\&quot;:\\&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.alz.org\\\/alzheimers-dementia\\\/memory-loss-concerns\\&quot;,\\&quot;linkText\\&quot;:\\&quot;What Causes Memory Loss? Assessing Symptoms and Seeking Help\\&quot;}],\\&quot;boxCustomStyles\\&quot;:{\\&quot;includeLink\\&quot;:1,\\&quot;backgroundColor\\&quot;:\\&quot;darkBlue\\&quot;},\\&quot;boxType\\&quot;:\\&quot;iconLinks\\&quot;,\\&quot;boxStyleOption\\&quot;:\\&quot;color-boxes\\&quot;}&quot;],&quot;apiCallInformation&quot;:[&quot;{}&quot;]}\"><\/som-cell>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As we age, everyone has so-called \u201csenior moments\u201d from time to time.\u00a0 For example, we walk into a room, and we can\u2019t remember why we came; we forget where we laid our keys; we forget someone\u2019s name.\u00a0\u00a0 When this happens, we often ask ourselves, \u201cIs this normal aging?\u00a0\u00a0 Each of these situations can be concerning &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/divisions\/memory-and-cognitive-disorders-1\/educational-resources\/patient-education-resources\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Patient Education Resources\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":68462,"featured_media":0,"parent":21551,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"layout":"","cellInformation":"","apiCallInformation":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-21499","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","odd"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Patient Education Resources | Department of Neurology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/divisions\/memory-and-cognitive-disorders-1\/educational-resources\/patient-education-resources\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Patient Education Resources | Department of Neurology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As we age, everyone has so-called \u201csenior moments\u201d from time to time.\u00a0 For example, we walk into a room, and we can\u2019t remember why we came; we forget where we laid our keys; we forget someone\u2019s name.\u00a0\u00a0 When this happens, we often ask ourselves, \u201cIs this normal aging?\u00a0\u00a0 Each of these situations can be concerning &hellip; Read more\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/divisions\/memory-and-cognitive-disorders-1\/educational-resources\/patient-education-resources\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Department of Neurology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/UNCNeurology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-25T20:56:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" 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