{"id":3137,"date":"2017-06-10T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-06-10T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/researchers-continue-to-seek-strategy-for-starving-brain-tumors\/"},"modified":"2022-12-05T13:39:00","modified_gmt":"2022-12-05T18:39:00","slug":"researchers-continue-to-seek-strategy-for-starving-brain-tumors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/researchers-continue-to-seek-strategy-for-starving-brain-tumors\/","title":{"rendered":"Researchers continue to seek strategy for starving brain tumors"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

In the journal Cancer Research, UNC Lineberger researchers led by member Timothy R. Gershon, MD, PhD, report in the latest in a series of attempts to shut down the energy production machinery in medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. The findings may help researchers identify a suitable therapeutic target within the sugar metabolism pathway, and provide clues to a scientific mystery surrounding the confounding way that some cancer cells get energy from sugar.<\/p>\n

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Timothy R. Gershon, MD, PhD, is an associate professor in the UNC School of Medicine Department of Neurology.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
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June 1, 2017<\/p>\n

In an effort to starve brain cancer cells and put the brakes on tumor development, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center researchers blocked the main pathway that brain tumor cells use to convert sugar into energy. They hoped this would starve tumor cells and slow their growth. To their surprise, however, the strategy actually accelerated growth in laboratory models of medulloblastoma.<\/p>\n

Published in the journal Cancer Research, the study was part of a series of attempts by UNC Lineberger researchers to shut down the energy production machinery in medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. The findings may help researchers identify a suitable therapeutic target within the sugar metabolism pathway, and provide clues to a scientific mystery surrounding the confounding way that some cancer cells get energy from sugar.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur goal is to continue to find out what\u2019s helping cancer cells to grow, and to try to stop it,\u201d said UNC Lineberger\u2019s Timothy R. Gershon, MD, PhD<\/a>, an associate professor in the UNC School of Medicine Department of Neurology. \u201cWe\u2019re going to keep taking apart this energy production pathway in cancer cells — to conduct a molecular dissection to try to find the part that makes the cancer cells go.\u201d<\/p>\n

Gershon said previous studies have shown that cancer cells rely on a process called \u201caerobic glycolysis,\u201d in which oxygen is present, but cells do not use it to get the maximum amount of energy from sugar. Cells using aerobic glycolysis need to use more sugar to get the same amount of energy, Gershon said.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is a question that scientists first started asking in the 1920s, and we\u2019re still trying to answer it,\u201d Gershon said. \u201cWhy would cancer cells use aerobic glycolysis?\u201d<\/p>\n

Glycolysis produces less energy overall, and creates a byproduct known as lactic acid. Gershon and his collaborators previously showed that normal cells that replicate in the growing brain rely on aerobic glycolysis.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhile most cells only use glycolysis when oxygen is not available, cancer cells use glycolysis all of the time, even under oxygen-rich conditions,\u201d he said. \u201cNo one knows why, but many people have hoped that blocking this form of glycolysis would be a way to treat cancer.\u201d<\/p>\n

Researchers in Gershon\u2019s lab have blocked different molecular mechanisms that cells use during glycolysis to prevent them from producing energy. Previously, they found deleting a gene involved in glycolysis, Hexokinase 2, reduced brain tumor growth in preclinical models. However, Gershon said that gene would be hard to disrupt in people because it\u2019s similar to Hexokinase 1, which is vital for human survival. So, they searched for another target.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe looked at other genes in the glycolysis pathway to see if they might be better targets for inhibitors, and to understand more about how the pathway supports cancer growth,\u201d Gershon said.<\/p>\n

In the new study, they deleted a gene that codes for a molecule called pyruvate kinase. However, deleting this gene actually spurred cancer growth in laboratory models.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis paper shows that some steps in glycolysis increase tumor growth, and other steps decrease tumor growth,\u201d Gershon said. \u201cWe do not know why, but it clearly makes a difference which step is targeted.\u201d<\/p>\n

Together, the two studies show that the way cancer cells metabolize glucose significantly affects their proliferative behavior, the researchers reported. The most recent study points to actions upstream of the pyruvate kinase step as key to preventing cancer growth.<\/p>\n

In addition to guiding future efforts to find a therapeutic target that could block cancer cells\u2019 energy production, the researchers may have identified a possible clue as to why cancer cells use this particular energy production pathway. They traced the path of sugar through the cell, and narrowed down the possibilities for where the glucose goes. Based on their findings, they speculate that medulloblastoma cells utilize the glucose to make proteins, which go into building more cells, rather than supplying energy.<\/p>\n

In addition to Gershon, other authors include: Katherine Tech, Audrey P. Tikunov, Hamza Farooq, A. Sorana Morrissy, Jessica Meidinger, Taylor Fish, Sarah C. Green, Hedi Liu, Yisu Li, Andrew J. Mungall, Richard A. Moore, Yussanne Ma, Steven J.M. Jones, Marco A. Marra, Matthew G. Vander Heiden, Michael D. Taylor and Jeffery M. Macdonald.<\/em><\/p>\n

The study was supported by the National Institute of Neurologic Disorder and Stroke and the American Institute for Cancer Research. <\/em><\/p>\n

Media Contact: Laura Oleniacz, laura_oleniacz@med.unc.edu<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

In the journal Cancer Research, UNC Lineberger researchers led by member Timothy R. Gershon, MD, PhD, report in the latest in a series of attempts to shut down the energy production machinery in medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. The findings may help researchers identify a suitable therapeutic target within the sugar metabolism pathway, and provide clues to a scientific mystery surrounding the confounding way that some cancer cells get energy from sugar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58435,"featured_media":3138,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"layout":"","cellInformation":"","apiCallInformation":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3],"class_list":["post-3137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-home-page-news","odd"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nResearchers continue to seek strategy for starving brain tumors | Department of Neurology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.med.unc.edu\/neurology\/researchers-continue-to-seek-strategy-for-starving-brain-tumors\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Researchers continue to seek strategy for starving brain tumors | Department of Neurology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the journal Cancer Research, UNC Lineberger researchers led by member Timothy R. 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