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UNC School of Medicine

Safety & Handling

AAV Safety

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are classified as Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1). These vectors contain recombinant transgene sequences (such as reporter or human genes) flanked by AAV inverted terminal repeats (ITRs). Most viral structural genes have been removed, rendering the vectors replication-defective and dependent on a helper virus for replication. 

AAV preparations are typically supplied as purified viral particles suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), with titers commonly in the range of 10¹² particles/mL. Viral stocks consist of a mixture of genome-containing particles (full capsids) and a variable proportion of empty capsids. Trace components may include inorganic salts, vitamins and nutrients, residual human cellular proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. Materials are shipped and stored frozen. 

AAV Virus Handling & Storage

All viral vectors are shipped frozen on dry ice and should be transferred to –80°C storage immediately upon receipt for long-term preservation. For short-term use, vectors may be stored at –20°C or 4°C. 

To maintain vector integrity and activity: 

  • Aliquot vectors into single-use volumes whenever possible to avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. 
  • Use aliquots of at least 10 µL per tube. 
  • Use low protein-binding tubes to minimize viral loss. 

Vectors are ready for use upon receipt. If dilution is required, use sterile PBS and perform dilution only immediately prior to use. Do not dilute vectors unless they are used promptly.