Dr. Stuber’s RO1, “Midbrain neural circuit elements that underlie cue-reward associations” was just funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. In experiments funded by this grant, we will be combining optogenetics and voltammetric techniques to determine which excitatory and inhibitory projection to the midbrain are responsible for modulating the the activity of postsynaptic dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons there.