Recent Publications
October 2020
Individual Variation of Human Cortical Structure is Established in the First Years of Life.
Most psychiatric illnesses are associated with abnormalities of brain structure, though it is not known when these abnormalities arise in development. We found that individual differences in cortical structure are present very early in life, indicating that abnormalities associated with psychiatric disease may be present early in childhood, and that interventions to normalize brain development and decrease risk may need to be targeted to early childhood.
PI: John Gilmore, MD
Gilmore JH, Langworthy BW, Girault JB, Fine J, Jha SC, Kim SH, Cornea E, Styner M. Individual variation of human cortical structure is established in the first years of life. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. 2020 Jun 9:S2451-9022(20)30137-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.05.012. Online ahead of print. PMID: 32741702.
Low-dose Alcohol: Interoceptive and Molecular Effects and the Role of Dentate Gyrus in Rats
Most research on alcohol use focuses on the consequences of moderate to high levels of alcohol. However, even at low concentrations, alcohol is capable of producing effects in the brain that can ultimately affect behavior. Here we show that a low alcohol dose modulates expression of immediate early genes in brain regions in a variety of brain regions and that the dentate gyrus (a subregion of the hippocampus) is involved in modulating the interoceptive/subjective effects of a low dose of alcohol.
PI: Joyce Besheer, MD
Patrick A Randall, Dennis F Lovelock, Kalynn VanVoorhies, Verda E Agan, Thomas L Kash, Joyce Besheer (in press). Low-dose alcohol: Interoceptive and molecular effects and the role of dentate gyrus in rats. Addiction Biology.
Subdural Hemorrhage in Asymptomatic Neonates: Neurodevelopemntal Outcomes and MRI Findings at 2 years
We previously found that a significant number of newborns have asymptomatic subdural hemorrhages after vaginal birth. It is not known if these bleeds impact cognitive development. We found that children with these neonatal bleeds are developing normally at age 2 years, a reassuring finding.
PI: John Gilmore, MD
Zamora C, Sams C, Cornea EA, Yuan Z, Smith JK, Gilmore JH. Subdural hemorrhage in asymptomatic neonates: Neurodevelopemntal outcomes and MRI findings at 2 years. Radiology 2020 doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201857 Online ahead of print. PMID: 33107801
Association Between Depression and HIV Care Engagement Outcomes Among Patients Newly Initiating ART in Lilongwe, Malawi
The prevalence of depression among this population of adults newly initiating ART was 27%. Depression at ART initiation was not associated with either retention or viral suppression. Further investigation of the relationship between depression and HIV is needed to understand the ways depression impacts the different aspects of HIV care engagement.
PI: Bradley Gaines, MD
Stockton MA, Gaynes BN, Hosseinipour MC, Pettifor AE, Maselko J, Mphonda SM, Kulisewa K, Udedi M, Pence BW. AIDS Behav. 2020 Sep 24. doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-03041-7. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32970274.
Prepronociceptin expressing neurons in the extended amygdala encode and promote rapid arousal responses to motivational salient stimuli
Rodriguez-Romaguera et al. find an ensemble of neurons within the extended amygdala (BNST) that expresses the prepronociceptin gene and functions to encode the rapid arousal responses that are triggered by motivational stimuli.
PI: Jose Rodriguez-Romaguera, PhD and Garret Stuber, PhD
Rodriguez-Romaguera J*, Ung RL*, Nomura H, Otis JM, Basiri ML, Namboodiri VMK, Zhu X, Robinson JE, van den Munkhof HE, McHenry JA, Eckman LEH, Kosyk O, Jhou TC, Kash TL, Bruchas MR and Stuber GD. “Prepronociceptin expressing neurons in the extended amygdala encode and promote rapid arousal responses to motivational salient stimuli”. *co-first authors. Cell Reports. 33(6):108362. *Equal contribution
Phenotyping CCL2 Containing Central Amygdala Neurons Controlling Alcohol Withdrawal-Induced Anxiety
Neuroimmune proteins, such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), are altered by environmental factors, such as drugs of abuse and stress, and are thought to play a role in many important associated behaviors. This paper shows that in the case of an alcohol related behavior, CCL2 from neurons alters behavior indicating that non-immune cells of the nervous system are an important source of CCL2 related to behavior.
PI: Kathryn Harper, PhD and George Breese, PhD
Harper Kathryn M., Knapp Darin J., Todd Caroline A., Balan Irina, Aurelian Laure, Criswell Hugh E., Breese George R., Phenotyping CCL2 Containing Central Amygdala Neurons Controlling Alcohol Withdrawal-Induced Anxiety. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 14. 2020. 296. DOI=10.3389/fncel.2020.580583
September 2020
Serial Assessment of Depression and Anxiety by Patients and Providers in Women Receiving Chemotherapy for Early Breast Cancer
This study evaluated patient and provider reported depression and anxiety symptoms during chemotherapy for breast cancer. The prevalence of these symptoms doubled during treatment with 26% reporting at least moderately severe depression and 41% reporting at least moderately severe anxiety during chemotherapy.
PI: Zev Nakamura, MD
Zev M Nakamura, Allison M Deal, Kirsten A Nyrop, Yi Tang Chen, Laura J Quillen, Tucker Brenizer, Hyman B Muss Serial Assessment of Depression and Anxiety by Patients and Providers in Women Receiving Chemotherapy for Early Breast Cancer Oncologist. 2020 Sep 18. doi: 10.1002/onco.13528.
Deficits in auditory predictive coding in individuals with the psychosis risk syndrome: Prediction of conversion to psychosis
Brain electrophysiological responses to expected pattern of auditory information and deviations form these expected patterns are key aspects of pattern recognition and prediction of environmental expectations. This research demonstrates that the ability to generate predictive coding to identify repetition of auditory patterns and detection of information deviation is impaired in psychosis, deficits precede psychosis onset and predict future psychosis risk in Psychosis Risk Syndrome (PRS) individuals.
PI: Aysenil Belger, Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Director Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute
Authors: Fryer SL, Roach BJ, Hamilton HK, Bachman P, Belger A, Carrión RE, Duncan E, Johannesen J, Light GA, Niznikiewicz M, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Seidman L, Tsuang M, Walker EF, Woods SW, Mathalon DH.
Publication: J Abnorm Psychol.
Date: 2020 Aug;129(6):599-611.
doi: 10.1037/abn0000513.
PMID: 32757603
Neonatal brain connectivity outliers identify over forty percent of IQ outliers at 4 years of age
This paper continues to explore approaches to improve our understanding of how early brain functional connectivity can be used to predict later IQ.
PI: John Gilmore, Eure Professor and Vice Chair for Research
Neonatal brain connectivity outliers identify over forty percent of IQ outliers at 4 years of age.
Gao W, Chen Y, Cornea E, Goldman BD, Gilmore JH. Brain Behav. 2020 Sep 17:e01846. doi: 10.1002/brb3.1846. Online ahead of print. PMID: 32945129
The Subgrouping Structure of Newborns with Heterogenous Brain-Behavior Relationships
This study explores a novel approach to understanding how heterogeneous functional brain connections in newborns can be used to precinct IQ at 4 years of age. This paper is part of an ongoing effort to identify early childhood imaging biomarkers of behavioral outcomes a risk for psychiatric disease.
PI: John Gilmore, Eure Professor and Vice Chair for Research
The Subgrouping Structure of Newborns with Heterogenous Brain-Behavior Relationships.
Chen Y, Liu S, Salzwedel A, Stephens R, Cornea E, Goldman BD, Gilmore JH, Gao W. Cereb Cortex. 2020 Sep 18:bhaa226. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa226. Online ahead of print. PMID: 32946557
The synthetically produced predator odor 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline increases alcohol self-administration and alters basolateral amygdala response to alcohol in rats
In this paper we show that a single exposure to a stressor induced a lasting increase in alcohol drinking and blunted neuronal activation in the amygdala in response to alcohol. These studies outline and utilize a novel preclinical model that can be used to further neurobiological understanding of the emergence of escalated alcohol consumption following stress exposure
PI: Joyce Besheer, PhD
Makhijani VH, Franklin JP, Van Voorhies K, Fortino B, Besheer J (in press) The synthetically produced predator odor 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline increases alcohol self-administration and alters basolateral amygdala response to alcohol in rats. Psychopharmacology.
August 2020
Cognitive Function in Patients Prior to Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
This study evaluated cognitive function in patients presenting to the hospital for bone marrow transplantation. Investigators identified that patients with greater number of medical problems and history of alcohol or substance use were at increased risk for worse cognitive function.
PI: Zev Nakamura, MD
Zev M Nakamura, Allison M Deal, Donald L Rosenstein, Laura J Quillen, Stephanie A Chien, William A Wood, Thomas C Shea, Eliza M Park. Support Care Cancer. 2020 Aug 23. doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05697-2. PMID: 32829465.
Functional Dissection of Prenatal Drug Effects on Baby Brain and Behavioral Development
Prenatal drug exposure is known to affect fetal brain development with documented long-term consequences. In this study, we studied the effects of six prenatally exposed drugs (i.e., nicotine, alcohol, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, marijuana, cocaine, and opioids) on neonatal whole-brain functional organization and compared them with five other critical nondrug variables (i.e., gestational age at birth/scan, sex, birth weight, and maternal depression).
PI: Karen Grewen, PhD
Salzwedel A, Chen G, Chen Y, Grewen K, Gao W. (2020 Aug 11 Online ahead of print).
Functional dissection of prenatal drug effects on baby brain and behavioral development, Hum Brain Mapp.
The NIMH Global Mental Health Research Community and COVID-19
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) supports a network of global research Hubs designed to address questions that arise as low- and middle-income countries widely implement sustainable, evidence-based mental health services. These so-called “NIMH Scale-Up Hubs” are interdisciplinary, with interest and expertise of the people involved in increasing the reach, accessibility, adoption, quality, costs, and effectiveness of mental health services, enhancing collaborative learning and development, building local capacity for implementation research, and establishing relationships with governmental, non-governmental, and community-based stakeholders. We present examples of replicable programs that can support the United Nation’s call for addressing the mental health and well-being of whole societies have been severely impacted by this crisis and are a priority to be addressed urgently.
PI: Bradley N. Gaynes, MD,MPH
Rahman A, Naslund JA, Betancourt TS, Black CJ, Bhan A, Byansi W, Chen H, Gaynes BN, et al. The NIMH global mental health research community and COVID-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Aug 21]. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;S2215-0366(20)30347-3. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30347-3
Exposure to the Predator Odor TMT Induces Early and Late Differential Gene Expression Related to Stress and Excitatory Synaptic Function throughout the Brain in Male Rats
In this paper we show that a single exposure to a stressor induces molecular adaptations in the brain related to stress and excitatory systems. These findings from this preclinical study could help us understand the persistent glutamatergic dysfunction observed in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
PI: Joyce Besheer, PhD
Ryan E Tyler, Benjamin Z S Weinberg, Dennis F Lovelock, Laura C Ornelas, Joyce Besheer (in press) Exposure to the predator odor TMT induces early and late differential gene expression related to stress and excitatory synaptic function throughout the brain in male rats. Genes Brain, and Behavior.
Potential Roles of Redox Dysregulation in the Development of Schizophrenia
Most people have heard that “antioxidants” are “good” for our health, implying that “oxidants” are “bad”. When uncontrolled oxidants damage our bodies, but oxidants are not “all bad”, as oxidants are also needed, in controlled doses, to regulate normal cellular functions. We propose that impaired regulation of oxidant levels contributes to risk of schizophrenia and that molecules controlling oxidant levels are attractive drug targets for individualized drug therapy trials for the contexts of prevention and treatment of schizophrenia.
PI: Diana Perkins, MD, MPH
Perkins DO, Jeffries CD, Do KQ. Potential Roles of Redox Dysregulation in the Development of Schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 15;88(4):326-336. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.03.016
Deficits in Auditory Predictive Coding in Individuals with the Psychosis Risk Syndrome: Prediction of Conversion to Psychosis
We found that a measure of brain electrical activity, as recorded by EEG, predicted later development of psychosis.
PI: Diana Perkins, MD, MPH
Fryer SL, Roach BJ, Hamilton HK, et al. Deficits in auditory predictive coding in individuals with the psychosis risk syndrome: Prediction of conversion to psychosis. J Abnorm Psychol. 2020;129(6):599-611. doi:10.1037/abn0000513
Associations Between Childhood Adversity, Cognitive Schemas and Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms
An indication of when childhood trauma make increase psychosis vulnerability may be when the child then intends to generally interpret other people as threatening.
PI: Diana Perkins, MD, MPH
LoPilato AM, Zhang Y, Pike M, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, Mathalon DH, McGlashan TH, Seidman L, Perkins DO, Tsuang MT, Woods SW, Walker EF. Associations between childhood adversity, cognitive schemas and attenuated psychotic symptoms. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 7. doi: 10.1111/eip.13017.
June 2020
A Nexus Model of Restricted Interests in Autism Spectrum Disorder
This paper proposes a new way to understand restricted interests in autism. This model suggests that brain networks that typically process social information may instead to process restricted interests instead.
PI: Gabriel Dichter, PhD
Carter, R.M.; Jung, H., Reaven, J., Blakeley-Smith, A., Dichter, G.S.; (2020); Frontiers in Human Neuroscience: Cognitive Neuroscience. Manuscript ID: 527958
A Systematic Review of Validated Screening Tools for Anxiety Disorders and PTSD in Low to Middle Income Countries
We conducted a systematic review of validated screening tools for detecting anxiety and PTSD in LMICs. While the use of brief screening instruments can bring much needed attention and research opportunities to various at-risk LMIC populations, many have been validated in inadequately designed studies, precluding any general recommendation for specific tools in LMICs. Locally validated screening tools for anxiety and PTSD need further evaluation in well-designed studies to assess whether they can improve the detection and management of these common disorders.
PI: Bradley Gaynes, MD, MPH
Mughal AY, Devadas J, Ardman E, Levis B, Go VF, Gaynes BN. BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Jun 30;20(1):338. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02753-3.PMID: 32605551
The Role of Patient-Provider Communication: a qualitative study of patient attitudes regarding co-occurring depression and chronic diseases in Malawi
Depression interventions alone are not effective at improving general medical outcomes, resulting in wide-reaching calls for integrated services. Integrated services are in a nascent phase in low- and middle-incomes in general and in Malawi in particular. This manuscript serves to clarify Malawian patients’ attitudes and perceptions towards depression integration into routine general medical services. We found that training and interventions that facilitate providers’ abilities to transfer their medical knowledge, use strategies to channel their power, and engage patients in a meaningful and collaborative relationship will be key to successfully integrating depression treatment into Malawian general medical clinics.
PI: Bradley Gaynes, MD, MPH
Akiba CF, Zimba CC, Thom A, Matewere M, Go V, Pence B, Gaynes BN, Masiye J. BMC Psychiatry. 2020 May 19;20(1):243. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02657-2.PMID: 32429877
Harmonized Outcome Measures for Use in Depression Patient Registries and Clinical Practice
This project aimed to develop a minimum set of standardized outcome measures relevant to both patients and clinicians that can be collected in depression registries and clinical practice. A multistakeholder panel representing clinicians; payers; government agencies; industry; and medical specialty, health care quality, and patient advocacy organizations categorized the 27 identified measures using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s supported Outcome Measures Framework. The panel identified 10 broadly relevant measures and harmonized definitions for these measures through in-person and virtual meetings, representing a minimum set of outcomes that are relevant to clinicians and patients and appropriate for use in depression research and clinical practice. Routine and consistent collection of these measures in registries and other systems would support creation of a national research infrastructure to efficiently address new questions, improve patient management and outcomes, and facilitate care coordination.
PI: Bradley Gaynes, MD, MPH
Gliklich RE, Leavy MB, Cosgrove L, Simon GE, Gaynes BN, Peterson LE, Olin B, Cole C, DePaulo JR Jr, Wang P, Crowe CM, Cusin C, Nix M, Berliner E, Trivedi MH. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Jun 16;172(12):803-809. doi: 10.7326/M19-3818. Epub 2020 May 12.PMID: 32422056
Eating Disorders in a Community-based Sample of Women with Alcohol Use Disorder and Nicotine Dependence
Women with lifetime diagnoses of alcohol use disorder and nicotine dependence are at high risk for eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses, underscoring the importance of assessing eating disorder symptoms among women with these disorders.
PI: Melissa Munn-Chernoff, PhD, MPE
Munn-Chernoff MA, Few LR, Matherne CE, Baker JH, Men VY, McCutcheon VV, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Madden PAF, Heath AC, Duncan AE. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Jul 1;212:107981. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107981. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32442752
Genome-Wide Gene-Environment Analyses of Major Depressive Disorder and Reported Lifetime Traumatic Experiences in UK Biobank
Depression is more frequent among individuals exposed to traumatic events. Both trauma exposure and depression are heritable. However, the relationship between these traits, including the role of genetic risk factors, is complex and poorly understood. When modelling trauma exposure as an environmental influence on depression, both gene-environment correlations and gene-environment interactions have been observed. The UK Biobank concurrently assessed Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and self-reported lifetime exposure to traumatic events in 126,522 genotyped individuals of European ancestry.
PI: Patrick Sullivan, MD, FRANZCP
Coleman JRI, Peyrot WJ, Purves KL, et al., Mol Psychiatry. 2020 May 18;:]. Mol Psychiatry. 2020;25(7):1430-1446. doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0546-6
The Genetics of the Mood Disorder Spectrum: Genome-wide Association Analyses of More Than 185,000 Cases and 439,000 Controls
Mood disorders (including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) affect 10% to 20% of the population. They range from brief, mild episodes to severe, incapacitating conditions that markedly impact lives. Multiple approaches have shown considerable sharing of risk factors across mood disorders despite their diagnostic distinction.
PI: Patrick Sullivan, MD, FRANZCP
Coleman JRI, Gaspar HA, Bryois J; Bipolar Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium; Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Biol Psychiatry. 2020;88(2):169-184. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.10.015
Chronicity and Sex Affect Genetic Risk Prediction in Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder with immense personal and societal costs; identifying individuals at risk is therefore of utmost importance. Genomic risk profile scores (GRPS) have been shown to significantly predict cases-control status. Making use of a large-population based sample from Sweden, we replicate a previous finding demonstrating that the GRPS is strongly correlated with admission frequency and chronicity of SCZ. Furthermore, we were able to show a substantial gap in prediction accuracy between males and females. In sum, our results indicate that prediction accuracy by GRPS depends on clinical and demographic characteristics.
PI: Patrick Sullivan, MD, FRANZCP
Sandra M Meier, Anna K Kähler, Sarah E Bergen, Patrick F Sullivan, Christina M Hultman, Manuel Mattheisen, Front Psychiatry 2020 Jun 9;11:313. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00313. eCollection 2020
Robust Hi-C Maps of Enhancer-Promoter Interactions Reveal the Function of Non-coding Genome in Neural Development and Diseases
Joint analysis of multiple traits can result in the identification of associations not found through the analysis of each trait in isolation. Studies of neuropsychiatric disorders and congenital heart disease (CHD) which use de novo mutations (DNMs) from parent-offspring trios have reported multiple putatively causal genes. However, a joint analysis method designed to integrate DNMs from multiple studies has yet to be implemented. We here introduce multiple-trait TADA (mTADA) which jointly analyzes two traits using DNMs from non-overlapping family samples.
PI: Patrick Sullivan, MD, FRANZCP
Tan-Hoang Nguyen, Amanda Dobbyn, Ruth C Brown, Brien P Riley, Joseph D Buxbaum, Dalila Pinto, Shaun M Purcell, Patrick F Sullivan, Xin He, Eli A Stahl’ Nat Commun. 2020 Jun 10;11(1):2929. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16487-z
Dynamic Eye Tracking as a Predictor and Outcome Measure of Social Skills Intervention in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
This study shows that an eye tracking measure may indicate whether a treatment is effective for adolescents and adults with autism.
PI: Gabriel Dichter, PhD
Greene, R.K., Parish-Morris, J., Sullivan, M., Kinard, J.L., Mosner, M.G., Turner-Brown, L.M., Penn, D.L., Wiesen, C.A., Pallathra, A.A., Brodkin, E.S., Schultz, R.T., and Dichter, G.S. (in press).
Design of a Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of High Dose Intravenous Thiamine for the Prevention of Delirium in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Dr. Nakamura and colleagues have designed a highly novel and innovative study investigating the use of high dose vitamin B1 to prevent delirium – a common and consequential neuropsychiatric condition in hospital settings – in patients receiving bone marrow transplantation.
PI: Zev Nakamura, MD
Nakamura ZM, Deal AM, Rosenstein DL, Quillen LJ, Chien SA, Wood WA, Shea TC, Park EM. Contemp Clin Trials. 2020 June 30:106076. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32619524.
Extra-axial Cerebrospinal Fluid Relationships to Infant Brain Structure, Cognitive Development, and Risk for Schizophrenia
Excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around the brain is a potential imaging biomarker of risk for autism in young children. This study characterized extra-axial CSF in a large sample of typically developing children and children at risk for schizophrenia and found that neither group has the amount seen in autism, suggesting it may be a good biomarker of risk for autism and related disorders.
PI: John Gilmore, MD
Murphy VA, Shen MA, Kim SH, Cornea E, Styner M, Gilmore JH. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. 2020 5:651-659.
White Matter Development from Birth to 6 years of age: a longitudinal study
White matter provides the connections between different parts of the brain and is altered in psychiatric disorders. We studied how white matter develops in early childhood to provide a basis of comparison for future studies of children at risk for psychiatric disorders.
PI: John Gilmore, MD
Stephens RL, Langworthy BW, Short SJ, Girault JB, Styner MA, Gilmore JH. Cerebral Cortex 2020: doi 10.1093/cercor/bhaa170 [Epub ahead of print].
Exploring the relationship between geomagnetic activity and human heart rate variability.
Does space weather (sun spots, solar flares) modulate human physiology as previously claimed? With the correct statistical methods, the answer seems to be “no.”
PI: Flavio Frohlich, PhD
Mattoni M, Ahn S, Fröhlich C, Fröhlich F. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2020 Jun;120(6):1371-1381.
Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Polymorphism may Influence the Efficacy of tACS to Modulate Neural Oscillations.
One small mutation in a gene appears to modulate the response of the brain to a novel form non-invasive brain stimulation that we study for the treatment of depression and schizophrenia.
PI: Flavio Frohlich, PhD
Riddle J, McPherson T, Atkins AK, Walker CP, Ahn S, Frohlich F.
Neuromodulation of Sleep Rhythms in Schizophrenia: Towards the rational design of non-invasive brain stimulation.
We propose that brain stimulation during sleep has promise as a potential new treatment for symptoms of schizophrenia.
PI: Flavio Frohlich, PhD
Fröhlich F, Lustenberger C. Schizophr Res. 2020 Jul;221:71-80.