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August 1, 2024

Assessment and Management of Hospital-aquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Children

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are healthcare-acquired conditions with significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Hospitalized patients may have multiple risk factors for pneumonia, such as recumbent position, impaired cough reflex, procedural sedation, immunocompromised status, and/or artificial airways. Prompt recognition of pneumonia in hospitalized patients can prevent serious complications. However, cultures of respiratory secretions are difficult to obtain in patients without an artificial airway or have limited specificity in patients with an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube. This guideline document will address the diagnosis and treatment of HAP and VAP in pediatric patients at UNC Children’s. Guidelines for HAP and VAP prevention are maintained separately.