Clinical Pharmacology and Analytical Chemistry Core
About
CPAC Lab on Facebook CPAC Lab on XThe overarching goal of the Clinical Pharmacology and Analytical Chemistry (CPAC) Core is to facilitate the development of safe, effective strategies for HIV prevention, treatment, and cure. To achieve this goal, the CPAC Core provides expertise in small molecule drug development to assist investigators in nearly all aspects of HIV pharmacology research. This full-spectrum support, unique to our Core facility, helps advance preclinical and clinical HIV research towards ending the HIV epidemic.
Members of the CPAC Core work with investigators to identify and deliver services that best meet their research needs. Through highly interactive collaboration, the Core helps progress activities at each stage of HIV research, from study design and grant writing, to bioanalysis and mass spectrometry imaging, to data modeling and simulation, to publication and future work. The Core’s activities are augmented by institutional support from the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, which links the Core with faculty renowned for their expertise in specialized fields of pharmacology.
The CPAC Core supports the global community of HIV researchers through fundamental services in drug quantification. These services are performed within a CAP/CLIA-accredited environment using six redundant AB Sciex instruments for LC-MS/MS analysis and two IR-MALDESI systems for small-molecule imaging. Redundancy allows for rapid resulting for studies with large sample numbers, as well as simultaneous assay development and sample analysis activities performed on consistent platforms. The Core’s bioanalytical capacity helps sustain collaborations within every inhabited continent.
Global CPAC Core Collaborations (Since Aug 2016)
Core Services
Clinical Pharmacology Services
Expertise in clinical pharmacology is the bedrock of the CPAC Core and the central mechanism by which the Core executes its Mission. This guiding principle drives the Core’s research agenda, strategic plan, and service framework in effort to advance NIH HIV research priorities spanning prevention, treatment, and cure. Services in clinical pharmacology are available at nearly every stage of preclinical and clinical HIV research, making the CPAC Core a unique resource outside the industry setting.
- Planning & Study Design: The CPAC Core has over 20 years of experience in pharmacology to facilitate the development of preclinical and clinical research approaches through collaborative study design. Services include assistance with hypothesis framing, experimental factor identification, bioanalytical method comparison, and strategy justification, as well as pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) study design, planning, and optimization.
- Grantsmanship: In the most recent CFAR funding cycle, the CPAC Core helped develop and submit >71 grant applications to the NIH, non-profit organizations such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and investigator-sponsored research programs. Grantsmanship services include multi-year budget planning, writing of major sections, collaborative editing, constructive critique of existing proposals, and resubmission strategizing. Letters of support, biosketches, and other support pages are also available upon request.
- Coordination & Project Management: To support investigators throughout the trajectory of long-term and/or large-scale pharmacology studies, the CPAC Core offers consultative services in protocol implementation, operation, and adherence monitoring, in addition to guidance for timeline logistics, coordination, and communication.
- Abstract & Manuscript Preparation: The CPAC Core strives to maximize scientific impact and promote research fellowship through communicating advancements in HIV pharmacology research. Core personnel routinely assist with abstract and manuscript composition, drafting figures and tables, selecting appropriate conferences/journals for submission, and responding to reviewer comments.
- PK/PD Computation & Pharmacometrics: The CPAC Core offers PK/PD data analysis, interpretation, and modeling, as well as services in Monte-Carlo simulations, optimal study design calculations, and clinical trial simulation. To expand provision of computational services, the CPAC Core recently partnered with Dr. Julie Dumond and the UNC Pharmacometrics Core Facility.
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: The CPAC Core offers therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) with interpretive reports for nearly all FDA-approved antiretrovirals in a CAP/CLIA-accredited environment. Please contact Lauren Tompkins or Mackenzie Cottrell with TDM inquiries.
- Training & Mentoring: Fostering the next generation of scientific leadership is critical for encouraging progress towards ending the HIV epidemic. The Core offers consultative services such as teaching or clarification of essential concepts in pharmacology, training in theory and use of bioanalytical techniques for drug detection, and software tutorials (SigmaPlot, WinNonlin, Agilent ChemStation). To support early-stage investigators and investigators new to HIV, Core personnel serve as mentors for CFAR Developmental Awardees and NIH Career Development (K) awardees. Core personnel also provide mentoring for graduate students working on CFAR projects and offer internships for undergraduates to enhance awareness of clinical pharmacology and analytical chemistry career pathways.
Bioanalytical Services
The CPAC laboratory provides state-of-the-art, customizable services in bioanalytical chemistry to support the HIV research community. A large portfolio of LC-MS/MS methods are available for quantifying drugs, drug metabolites, and other small molecules in plasma and in a variety of uncommon/complex biological matrices such as tissue, dried blood spots (DBS), and hair. Preclinical and clinical samples analyzed with these methods can be divided into 3 categories (or “Tiers”) based on research needs and bioanalytical criteria:
Tier 1 – Discovery (preclinical data, preliminary data, research studies)
Tier 2 – Qualified (preclinical or clinical research purposes suitable for publication, method qualified by 1 day of Precision and Accuracy)
Tier 3 – Validated (clinical studies for FDA submission, TDM, PT, method fully validated according to FDA guidelines)
The CPAC Core recovers costs through a registered recharge center. Service rates are calculated and reviewed at least every two years and are designed to cover costs without profit. Rates for sample analysis and method development are stratified by level of service. Budgets can be prepared on a per sample basis for a streamlined approach to service requests. Contact Lauren Tompkins for service inquiries.
Tier 1 (Discovery) Level | ||
---|---|---|
Tier 1 bioanalysis is highly flexible to accommodate early-stage research needs in a cost-effective manner. The CPAC laboratory has quantified the following analytes in a variety of species/matrices by LC-MS/MS at the Tier 1 (Discovery) level. | ||
Antiretrovirals | Latency-Reversing/Cure Agents | Other Compounds |
3TC | AZD5582 | acyclovir |
3TCtp | bryostatin-1 | ampicillin |
ABC | ingenol-dibenzoate | apixaban |
APV | panobinostat | bedaquiline |
ATV | prostratin | canrenone |
BIC | romidepsin | cefazolin |
CAB | venetoclax | ceftriaxone |
CBVtp | vorinostat | dabigatran |
D4T | additional proprietary compounds | dATP |
DOR | dCTP | |
DPV | dGTP | |
DRV | dehydronifedipine | |
DTG | ethinylestradiol | |
EFdA (islatravir) | etonogestrel | |
EFdAtp | ganciclovir | |
EFV | levonorgestrel | |
ETR | medroxyprogesterone acetate | |
EVG | meropenem | |
FTC | metronidazole | |
FTCtp | nifedipine | |
LPV | oxacillin | |
MK-2048 | piperacillin | |
MVC | pretomanid | |
NFV | progesterone | |
NVP | pyrazinamide | |
RAL | pyrazinoic acid | |
RPV | remdesivir | |
RTV | rifabutin | |
SQV | rivaroxaban | |
TAF | spironolactone | |
TFV | tazobactam | |
TFVdp | 2,3,5-PTCA (melanin biomarker) | |
ZDV | 7a-thiomethyl spironolactone | |
ZDVtp | ||
Tier 2 (Qualified) Level | |||
---|---|---|---|
Currently available Tier 2 (Qualified) LC-MS/MS methods developed by the CPAC laboratory are listed below. Within each row, any/all of the analytes can be quantified in a single sample of the matrix indicated. Additionally, a single sample can be analyzed with >1 method to quantify a more diverse set of analytes. All Tier 2 methods are Qualified by 1 day of Precision and Accuracy.
*Note: Lower limit of quantification varies by analyte in certain methods. |
|||
Species | Matrix | Analyte | Lower Limit of Quantification |
Human | Breastmilk | 3TC, TFV | 1 ng/mL |
Human | Breastmilk | ATV | 0.5 ng/mL |
Human | Breastmilk | D4T | 10 ng/mL |
Human | Breastmilk | ETR, EVG, EFV | 25 ng/mL* |
Human | Breastmilk | TAF | 0.05 ng/mL |
Human | Cerebrospinal Fluid | APV, ATV, DRV, EVG, LPV, RTV, TFV, 3TC, FTC, ABC, ZDV, MVC, RAL, NVP | 1 ng/mL* |
Human | Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma | EFV, EVG | 1 ng/mL |
Human | Cervicovaginal and Rectal Fluid | TFV, FTC | 2 ng/mL |
Human | Cervicovaginal Fluid | BIC, DOR | 0.25 ng/mL* |
Human | Cervicovaginal Fluid | RPV | 1 ng/mL |
Human | Cervicovaginal Lavage | TFV, FTC, RAL, 3TC | 5 ng/mL* |
Human | Rectal Fluid | BIC | 0.25 ng/mL* |
Human | Semen | CAB, RPV | 0.5 ng/mL* |
Human | Semen | TFV, FTC, RAL | 5 ng/mL |
Human | Seminal Plasma | BIC, DOR | 0.25 ng/mL* |
Human | Seminal Plasma | TFV, FTC | 10 ng/mL |
Human | Serum | VOR | 1 ng/mL |
Human | Tissue | APV, ATV, EVG, DRV, LPV, RTV | 1 ng/mL |
Human | Tissue | BIC | 0.1 ng/mL |
Human | Tissue | dATP, dCTP | 0.1 ng/mL |
Human | Tissue | DTG, MVC, RPV | 1 ng/mL |
Human | Tissue | EFV, RPV | 5 ng/mL |
Human | Tissue | RAL | 1 ng/mL |
Human | Tissue | RAL, DTG, RPV | 0.05 ng/mL |
Human | Tissue | TFV, FTC, 3TC, TFVdp, FTCtp, 3TCtp | 0.3 ng/mL |
Human | Adipose Tissue | cefaziin | 0.02 ug extracted |
Human | ULPC | TFVdp, FTCtp | 5 ng/mL* |
Human | Urine | TFV | 10 ng/mL |
Human | Weck Cels | EFV, ATV, NVP | 0.2 ng/mL |
Human | Whole Blood | CAB, RPV | 2 ng/mL* |
Human | Whole Blood | DTG, MVC | 3 ng/mL* |
Human | Whole Blood | TFVdp, FTCtp, 3TCtp | 300 fmol/sample |
Dog | Plasma | EFdA | 0.1 ng/mL |
Minipig | Plasma | EFdA | 0.1 ng/mL |
Mouse | Plasma | CAB, RPV | 5 ng/mL* |
Mouse | Plasma | DTG, MVC, RPV | 1 ng/mL |
Mouse | Plasma | EFdA | 0.1 ng/mL |
Mouse | Plasma | progesterone | 0.5 ng/mL |
Mouse | Tissue | CAB, RPV | 0.1 ng/mL* |
Multispecies | Plasma | ATV, RTV | 1 ng/mL |
Multispecies | Plasma | EFV | 0.25 ng/mL |
NHP | Plasma | BIC, FTC, EFdA | 1 ng/mL* |
NHP | Plasma | EFdA | 0.1 ng/mL |
NHP | Plasma | ENG | 0.2 ng/mL |
NHP | Plasma | MPA | 0.05 ng/mL |
NHP | Plasma | progesterone | 0.05 ng/mL |
NHP | Plasma | TFV, FTC, 3TC | 2 ng/mL |
Rabbit | PBMCs | EFdAtp | 0.05 ng/mL |
Rabbit | PBMCs | TFVdp | 0.02 ng/mL |
Rabbit | Plasma | EFdA | 0.1 ng/mL |
Rabbit | Plasma | etonogestrel, levonorgestrel | 0.5 ng/mL |
Rabbit | Plasma | RAL | 1 ng/mL |
Rabbit | Plasma | TAF | 0.1 ng/mL |
Rabbit | Plasma | TFV | 1 ng/mL |
Rabbit | Plasma | BIC, FTC, EFdA | 1 ng/mL* |
Rat | Plasma | EFdA | 0.1 ng/mL |
Rat | Plasma | ENG | 0.2 ng/mL |
Sheep | Plasma | progesterone | 0.5 ng/mL |
N/A | Cell Lysate | 3TCtp | 300 fmol/mL |
N/A | PBMC Lysate | EFdAtp | 0.05 ng/mL |
N/A | PBMC Lysate | TFVdp | 0.02 ng/mL |
N/A | PBMC Lysate | TFVdp, FTCtp, 3TCtp, CBVtp, EFdAtp, dATP, dCTP, dGTP | 0.1 ng/mL* |
Tier 3 (Validated) Level | ||
---|---|---|
Currently available Tier 3 (Validated) LC-MS/MS methods developed by the CPAC laboratory are listed below. Within each row, any/all of the analytes can be quantified in a single sample of the human matrix indicated. Additionally, a single sample can be analyzed with >1 method to quantify a more diverse set of analytes. All Tier 3 methods are fully Validated according to FDA guidelines. | ||
Matrix | Analyte | Lower Limit of Quantification |
Breast Milk | 3TC, LPV, NFV, NVP, RTV, ZDV | 10 ng/mL |
Cervicovaginal and Rectal Fluid | TAF | 0.2 ng/mL |
Cervicovaginal Fluid | DTG | 1 ng/mL |
Cervicovaginal Fluid | TFV, FTC | 2 ng/mL |
Dried Blood Spots | TVFdp, FTCtp, 3TCtp | 100 fmol/sample |
Hair | ATV, RAL | 0.1 ng/mL |
Hair | DRV | 0.05 ng/mL |
Hair | DTG | 5 pg/mL |
Hair | EVG | 0.05 ng/mL |
Plasma | APV, ATV, DRV, LPV, RTV | 1 ng/mL |
Plasma | BIC, DOR, RAL | 20 ng/mL (BIC), 3 ng/mL (DOR), 10 ng/mL (RAL) |
Plasma | DTG, RPV, MVC | 1 ng/mL |
Plasma | EFV | 50 ng/mL |
Plasma | ETR, EVG | 25 ng/mL |
Plasma | MVC, RAL, TFV, FTC | 5 ng/mL |
Plasma | TAF | 0.05 ng/mL |
Plasma | TFV, FTC | 0.25 ng/mL |
Plasma | ÿZDV, 3TC, ABC, TFV, FTC, NVP | 1 ng/mL |
Rectal Fluid (Swabs) | DTG | 1 ng/mL |
Seminal Plasma | DTG | 1 ng/mL |
Serum | vorinostat | 1 ng/mL |
Tissue | TAF | 0.02 ng/mL |
Tissue | TFV, TFVdp | 0.02 ng/mL |
Vaginal Tissue | TFV, FTC, TFVdp, FTCtp | 0.3 ng/mL |
Vaginal, Cervical, and Rectal Tissue | DTG | 0.02 ng/mL |
PBMC Lysate | ÿTFVdp, FTCtp, dATP, dCTP | 0.02 ng/mL |
PBMC Lysate | TFVdp, FTCtp | 0.25 pmol/mL (TFVdp), 2.5 pmol/mL (FTCtp) |
Upper Layer Packed Cell Lysate | TFVdp, FTCtp | 10 pmol/mL (TFVdp), 5 pmol/mL (FTCtp) |
- Calibration or validation of routine antiretroviral methods in all biological matrices.
- Calibration or validation of routine intracellular antiretroviral methods.
- Development of new/customized analytical methodology, in particular HPLC-MS/MS methods, to meet CFAR needs.
- Comparison of competing methodologies (new and old) to identify optimal methods.
- Interpretive analyses of results.