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Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on the well-being of the citizens of the United States, with millions of US citizens diagnosed with COVID-19 and deaths from COVID-19 continuing to snowball. The pandemic has also had the predicted major effects on the economy, with millions of people unemployed due to pandemic-related shutdown measures. Marsico Lung Institute researchers have been engaged in work to understand the virus, SARS-CoV-2, that leads to COVID-19 disease and to seek potential treatments. As Dean Wesley Burks, MD, said, referring to the School of Medicine’s COVID-19 research, “We are proud to play a central role in this work, and I truly believe we will have a positive impact on the course of this pandemic. We are not here by accident.”

Human bronchial epithelial cells at 96 hours after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Left image: Infected ciliated cells with strand of mucus (yellow) attached to cilia tips (blue). Right image: Higher power magnification image showing the structure and density of SARS-CoV-2 virions (red) produced by human airway epithelia. Camille Ehre, SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Airway Cells, N Engl J Med, 2020;383:969.

 

COVID-19-Related Publications by MLI Researchers

  1. Zhang Y, Bharathi V, Dokoshi T, de Anda J, Ursery LT, Kulkarni NN, Nakamura Y, Chen J, Luo EWC, Wang L, Xu H, Coady A, Zurich R, Lee MW, Matsui T, Lee H, Chan LC, Schepmoes AA, Lipton MS, Zhao R, Adkins JN, Clair GC, Thurlow LR, Schisler JC, Wolfgang MC, Hagan RS, Yeaman MR, Weiss TM, Chen X, Li MMH, Nizet V, Antoniak S, Mackman N, Gallo RL, Wong GCL. Viral afterlife: SARS-CoV-2 as a reservoir of immunomimetic peptides that reassemble into proinflammatory supramolecular complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Feb 6;121(6):e2300644120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2300644120. Epub 2024 Feb 2. PMID: 38306481; PMCID: PMC10861912.
  2. Zhang L, Cao H, Medlin K, Pearson J, Aristotelous AC, Chen A, Wessler T, Forest MG. Computational Modeling Insights into Extreme Heterogeneity in COVID-19 Nasal Swab Data. Viruses. 2023 Dec 30;16(1):69. doi: 10.3390/v16010069. PMID: 38257769. PMCID: PMC10820884.
  3. Leist SR, Mock JR. The Importance of “Negative” Results – Lipid Lessons in Coronavirus Biology. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2023 Dec;69(6):610-611. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0301ED. PMID: 37672661. PMCID: PMC10704122 .
  4. Nakakubo S*, Kishida N*, Okuda K*, Kamada K, Iwama M, Suzuki M, Yokota I, Ito YM, Nasuhara Y,Boucher RC, Konno S. Associations of COVID-19 symptoms with omicron subvariants BA.2 and BA.5, host status, and clinical outcomes in Japan: A registry-based observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023 Nov;23(11):1244-1256. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00271-2. PMID: 37399831. PMCID: PMC10615696. *These authors equally contributed to the work.
  5. Tasoudis P, Lobo LJ, Coakley RD, Agala CB, Egan TM, Haithcock BE, Mody GN, Long JM. Outcomes Following Lung Transplant for COVID-19-Related Complications in the US. JAMA Surg. 2023 Nov 1;158(11):1159-1166. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.3489. PMID: 37585215; PMCID: PMC10433141.
  6. Hou YJ, Chiba S, Leist SR, Meganck RM, Martinez DR, Schäfer A, Catanzaro NJ, Sontake V, West A, Edwards CE, Yount B, Lee RE, Gallant SC, Zost SJ, Powers J, Adams L, Kong EF, Mattocks M, Tata A, Randell SH, Tata PR, Halfmann P, Crowe JE Jr, Kawaoka Y, Baric RS. Host range, transmissibility and antigenicity of a pangolin coronavirus. Nat Microbiol. 2023 Oct;8(10):1820-1833. doi: 10.1038/s41564-023-01476-x. PMID: 37749254; PMCID: PMC10522490.
  7. Tse LV, Hou YJ, McFadden E, Lee RE, Scobey TD, Leist SR, Martinez DR, Meganck RM, Schäfer A, Yount BL, Mascenik T, Powers JM, Randell SH, Zhang Y, Wang L, Mascola J, McLellan JS, Baric RS. A MERS-CoV antibody neutralizes a pre-emerging group 2c bat coronavirus. Sci Transl Med. 2023 Sep 27;15(715):eadg5567. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg5567. PMID: 37756379.
  8. Lamb MM, DeHority K, Russel SM, Kim S, Stack T, Mohammad I, Zeatoun A, Klatt-Cromwell C, Ebert CS Jr, Baratta JM, Senior BA, Kimple AJ. Characteristics of olfactory dysfunction in patients with long-haul covid-19. Rhinol Online. 2023;6:30-37. PMID: 37711977; PMCID: PMC10501207.
  9. Bennett WD, Prince SE, Zeman KL, Chen H, Samet JM. A novel method for the quantitative assessment of the fitted containment efficiency of face coverings. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2023 Sep;44(9):1481-1484. doi: 10.1017/ice.2022.316. PMID: 36912322; PMCID: PMC10507493.
  10. Gladstone DE, D’Alessio FR, Howard C, Lyu MA, Mock JR, Gibbs KW, Abrams D, Huang M, Zeng K, Herlihy JP, Castillo ST, Bassett R, Sadeghi T, Parmar S, Flowers CR, Mukherjee S, Schoenfeld D, Thall PF, Slutsky A. Randomized, Double Blinded, Placebo Controlled Trial of Allogeneic Cord Blood T-Regulatory Cell for Treatment of COVID-19 ARDS. Blood Adv. 2023 Jul 11;7(13):3075-3079. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009619. PMID: 36961352; PMCID: PMC10043947.
  11. Cao KT, Cobos-Uribe C, Knight N, Jonnalagadda R, Robinette C, Jaspers I, Rebuli ME. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces an intranasal mucosal response characterized by neutralizing antibodies. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob. 2023 Jun 25;2(4):100129. doi: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100129. PMID: 37781659; PMCID: PMC10290737.
  12. Pearson J, Wessler T, Chen A, Boucher RC, Freeman R, Lai SK, Pickles R, Gregory Forest M. Modeling identifies variability in SARS-CoV-2 uptake and eclipse phase by infected cells as principal drivers of extreme variability in nasal viral load in the 48 hours post infection. J Theor Biol. 2023 May 21;565:111470. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111470. PMID: 36965846; PMCID: PMC10033495.
  13. Kim SH, Kearns FL, Rosenfeld MA, Votapka L, Casalino L, Papanikolas M, Amaro RE, Freeman R. SARS-CoV-2 evolved variants optimize binding to cellular glycocalyx. Cell Rep Phys Sci. 2023 Apr 19;4(4):101346. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101346. PMID: 37077408; PMCID: PMC10080732.
  14. Carr TF, Fajt ML, Kraft M, Phipatanakul W, Szefler SJ, Zeki AA, Peden DB, White SR; PrecISE Research Group. Treating Asthma in the Time of COVID. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023 Apr;151(4):809-817. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.800. PMID: 36528110; PMCID: PMC9749385.
  15. Snouwaert JN, Jania LA, Nguyen T, Martinez DR, Schäfer A, Catanzaro NJ, Gully KL, Baric RS, Heise M, Ferris MT, Anderson E, Pressey K, Dillard JA, Taft-Benz S, Baxter VK, Ting JP, Koller BH. Human ACE2 expression, a major tropism determinant for SARS-CoV-2, is regulated by upstream and intragenic elements. PLoS Pathog. 2023 Feb 22;19(2):e1011168. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011168. PMID: 36812267; PMCID: PMC9987828.
  16. Barnett KC, Xie Y, Asakura T, Song D, Liang K, Taft-Benz SA, Guo H, Yang S, Okuda K, Gilmore RC, Loome JF, Oguin III TH, Sempowski GD, Randell SH, Heise MT, Leo Lei Y, Boucher RC, Ting JPY. An epithelial-immune circuit amplifies inflammasome and IL-6 responses to SARS-CoV-2. Cell Host Microbe. 2023 Feb 8;31(2):243-259.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.12.005. PMID: 36563691. PMCID: PMC9731922. These authors equally supervised this work.
  17. Lee SE, Ghodke AN, Stepp WH, Kong KA, Chaskes M, Quinsey CS, Ebert CS Jr, Thorp BD, Senior BA, Kimple AJ. Sinonasal complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2: A single center case series. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2023 Jan 19;8(1):16-24. doi: 10.1002/lio2.1006. PMID: 36846423; PMCID: PMC9948594.
  18. Aristotelous AC, Chen A, Forest MG. A hybrid discrete-continuum model of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung alveolar region, with a focus on interferon induced innate response. J Theor Biol. 2022 Dec 21;555:111293. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111293. PMID: 36208668; PMCID: PMC9533651.
  19. Kato T, Asakura T, Edwards CE, Dang H, Mikami Y, Okuda K, Chen G, Sun L, Gilmore RC, Hawkins P, De la Cruz G, Cooley MR, Bailey AB, Hewitt SM, Chertow DS, Borczuk AC, Salvatore S, Martinez FJ, Thorne LB, Askin FB, Ehre C, Randell SH, O’Neal WK, Baric RS, Boucher RC; NIH COVID-19 Autopsy Consortium. Prevalence and mechanisms of mucus accumulation in COVID-19 lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Dec 1;206(11):1336-1352. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202111-2606OC. PMID: 35816430. PMCID: PMC9746856.
  20. Pak J, Lund JL, Keil A, Westreich D, Stürmer T, Wohl D, Farel C, Drummond MB, Webster-Clark M. A Systematic Review of Whether COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials Reported on Demographic and Clinical Characteristics. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Dec;31(12):1219-1227. doi: 10.1002/pds.5533. PMID: 35996832. PMCID: PMC9538362.
  21. Dinnon KH§, Leist SR§, Okuda K§, Dang H§, Fritch EJ§, Gully KL, De la Cruz G, Evangelista MD, Asakura T, Gilmore RC, Hawkins P, Nakano S, West A, Schäfer A, Gralinski LE, Everman JL, Sajuthi SP, Zweigart MR, Dong S, McBride J, Cooley MR, Hines JB, Love MK, Groshong SD, VanSchoiack A, Phelan SJ, Liang Y, Hether T, Leon M, Zumwalt RE, Barton LM, Duval EJ, Mukhopadhyay S, Stroberg E, Borczuk A, Thorne LB, Sakthivel MK, Lee YZ, Hagood JS, Mock JR, Seibold MA, O’Neal WK, Montgomery SA, Boucher RC*, Baric RS*. SARS-CoV-2 infection produces chronic pulmonary epithelial and immune cell dysfunction with fibrosis in mice. Sci Transl Med. 2022 Sep 28;14(664):eabo5070. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo5070. PMID: 35857635. PMCID: PMC9273046. §These authors contributed equally. *Joint senior authorship.
  22. Esther CR Jr, Kimura KS, Mikami Y, Edwards CE, Das SR, Freeman MH, Strickland BA, Brown HM, Wessinger BC, Gupta VC, Von Wahlde K, Sheng Q, Huang LC, Bacon DR, Kimple AJ, Ceppe AS, Kato T, Pickles RJ, Randell SH, Baric RS, Turner JH*, Boucher RC*. Pharmacokinetic-based failure of a detergent virucidal for SARS-COV-2 nasal infections: A preclinical study and randomized controlled trial. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2022 Sep;12(9):1137-1147. doi: 10.1002/alr.22975. PMID: 35040594. PMCID: PMC9011886. *Joint senior authorship.
  23. Schäfer A, Leist SR, Gralinski LE, Martinez DR, Winkler ES, Okuda K, Hawkins PE, Gully KL, Graham RL, Scobey DT, Bell TA, Hock P, Shaw GD, Loome JF, Madden EA, Anderson E, Baxter VK, Taft-Benz SA, Zweigart MR, May SR, Dong S, Clark M, Miller DR, Lynch RM, Heise MT, Tisch R, Boucher RC, Pardo Manuel de Villena F, Montgomery SA, Diamond MS, Ferris MT, Baric RS. A multitrait locus regulates sarbecovirus pathogenesis. mBio. 2022 Aug 30;13(4):e0145422. doi: 10.1128/mbio.01454-22. PMID: 35862771. PMCID: PMC9426612.
  24. Harrison NL, Abbott GW, Gentzsch M, Aleksandrov A, Moroni A, Thiel G, Grant S, Nichols CG, Lester HA, Hartel A, Shepard K, Garcia DC, Yazawa M. How many SARS-CoV-2 “viroporins” are really ion channels? Commun Biol. 2022 Aug 25;5(1):859. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03669-2. PMID: 36008538; PMCID: PMC9411608.
  25. Biering SB, Sarnik SA, Wang E, Zengel JR, Leist SR, Schäfer A, Sathyan V, Hawkins P, Okuda K, Tau C, Jangid AR, Duffy CV, Wei J, Gilmore RC, Alfajaro MM, Strine MS, Nguyenla X, Van Dis E, Catamura C, Yamashiro LH, Belk JA, Begeman A, Stark JC, Shon DJ, Fox DM, Ezzatpour S, Huang E, Olegario N, Rustagi A, Volmer AS, Livraghi-Butrico A, Wehri E, Behringer RR, Cheon DJ, Schaletzky J, Aguilar HC, Puschnik AS, Button B, Pinsky BA, Blish CA, Baric RS, O’Neal WK, Bertozzi CR, Wilen CB, Boucher RC, Carette JE, Stanley SA, Harris E, Konermann S, Hsu PD. Genome-wide bidirectional CRISPR screens identify mucins as host factors modulating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Genet. 2022 Aug;54(8):1078-1089. doi: 10.1038/s41588-022-01131-x. PMID: 35879412. PMCID: PMC9355872.
  26. Ward JD, Cornaby C, Kato T, Gilmore RC, Bunch D, Miller MB, Boucher RC, Schmitz JL, Askin FA, Scanga LR. The clinical impact of maternal COVID-19 on mothers, their infants, and placentas with an analysis of vertical transfer of maternal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies. Placenta. 2022 Jun 1;123:12-23. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.04.006. PMID: 35512490; PMCID: PMC9057562.
  27. Chen A, Wessler T, Daftari K, Hinton K, Boucher RC, Pickles R, Freeman R, Lai SK, Forest MG. Modeling insights into SARS-CoV-2 respiratory tract infections prior to immune protection. Biophys J. 2022 May 3;121(9):1619-1631. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.04.003. PMID: 35378080; PMCID: PMC8975607.
  28. Tse LV, Meganck RM, Araba KC, Yount BL, Shaffer KM, Hou YJ, Munt JE, Adams LE, Wykoff JA, Morowitz JM, Dong S, Magness ST, Marzluff WF, Gonzalez LM, Ehre C, Baric RS. Genomewide CRISPR knockout screen identified PLAC8 as an essential factor for SADS-CoVs infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 May 3;119(18):e2118126119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2118126119. PMID: 35476513. PMCID: PMC9170153.
  29. Figueiredo JC, Hirsch FR, Kushi LH, Nembhard WN, Crawford JM, Mantis N, Finster L, Merin NM, Merchant A, Reckamp KL, Melmed GY, Braun J, McGovern D, Parekh S, Corley DA, Zohoori N, Amick BC, Du R, Gregersen PK, Diamond B, Taioli E, Sariol C, Espino A, Weiskopf D, Gifoni A, Brien J, Hanege W, Lipsitch M, Zidar DA, Scheck McAlearney A, Wajnberg A, LaBaer J, Yvonne Lewis E, Binder RA, Moormann AM, Forconi C, Forrester S, Batista J, Schieffelin J, Kim D, Biancon G, VanOudenhove J, Halene S, Fan R, Barouch DH, Alter G, Pinninti S, Boppana SB, Pati SK, Latting M, Karaba AH, Roback J, Sekaly R, Neish A, Brincks AM, Granger DA, Karger AB, Thyagarajan B, Thomas SN, Klein SL, Cox AL, Lucas T, Furr-Holden D, Key K, Jones N, Wrammerr J, Suthar M, Yu Wong S, Bowman NM, Simon V, Richardson LD, McBride R, Krammer F, Rana M, Kennedy J, Boehme K, Forrest C, Granger SW, Heaney CD, Knight Lapinski M, Wallet S, Baric RS, Schifanella L, Lopez M, Fernández S, Kenah E, Panchal AR, Britt WJ, Sanz I, Dhodapkar M, Ahmed R, Bartelt LA, Markmann AJ, Lin JT, Hagan RS, Wolfgang MC, Skarbinski J. Mission, Organization, and Future Direction of the Serological Sciences Network for COVID-19 (SeroNet) Epidemiologic Cohort Studies. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 27;9(6):ofac171. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac171. PMID: 35765315; PMCID: PMC9129196.
  30. Morrison CB, Edwards CE, Shaffer KM, Araba KC, Wykoff JA, Williams DR, Asakura T, Dang H, Morton LC, Gilmore RC, O’Neal WK, Boucher RC, Baric RS, Ehre C. SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway cells causes intense viral and cell shedding, two spreading mechanisms affected by IL-13. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Apr 19;119(16):e2119680119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2119680119. PMID: 35353667. PMCID: PMC9169748.
  31. Wang J, Hawken SE, Jones CD, Hagan RS, Bushman F, Everett J, Miller MB, Rodino KG. Collaboration between Clinical and Academic Laboratories for Sequencing SARS-CoV-2 Genomes. J Clin Microbiol. 2022 Mar 16;60(3):e0128821. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01288-21. PMID: 34985985; PMCID: PMC8925910.
  32. Brocke SA, Billings GT, Taft-Benz S, Alexis NE, Heise MT, Jaspers I. Woodsmoke particle exposure prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection alters antiviral response gene expression in human nasal epithelial cells in a sex-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2022 Mar 1;322(3):L479-L494. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00362.2021.PMID: 35107034. PMCID: PMC8917918.
  33. McElvaney OF, Asakura T, Meinig SL, Torres-Castillo JL, Hagan RS, Gabillard C, Murphy MP, Thorne LB, Borczuk A, Reeves EP, Zumwalt RE, Mikami Y, Carroll TP, Okuda K, Hogan G, McElvaney OJ, Clarke J, McEvoy NL, Mallon PW, McCarthy C, Curley G, Wolfgang MC, Boucher RC, McElvaney NG. Protease-anti-protease compartmentalization in SARS-CoV-2 ARDS: Therapeutic implications. EBioMedicine. 2022 Mar;77:103894. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103894. PMID: 35217407; PMCID: PMC8861575.
  34. Shi Y, Zeida A, Edwards CE, Mallory ML, Sastre S, Machado MR, Pickles RJ, Fu L, Liu K, Yang J, Baric RS, Boucher RC, Radi R, Carroll KS. Thiol-based chemical probes exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 via allosteric disulfide disruption in the spike glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Feb 8;119(6):e2120419119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2120419119. PMID: 35074895. PMCID: PMC8833197.
  35. Kim SH, Kearns FL, Rosenfeld MA, Casalino L, Papanikolas MJ, Simmerling C, Amaro RE, Freeman R. GlycoGrip: Cell Surface-Inspired Universal Sensor for Betacoronaviruses. ACS Cent Sci. 2022 Jan 26;8(1):22-42. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01080. PMID: 35106370; PMCID: PMC8796303.
  36. Ghosh A, Girish V, Yuan ML, Coakley RD, Wrennall JA, Alexis NE, Sausville EL, Vasudevan A, Chait AR, Sheltzer JM, Tarran R. Combustible and Electronic Cigarette Exposures Increase ACE2 Activity and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Binding. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Jan 1;205(1):129-133. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202106-1377LE. PMID: 34748720. PMCID: PMC8865588.
  37. McDonald JT, Enguita FJ, Taylor D, Griffin RJ, Priebe W, Emmett MR, Sajadi MM, Harris AD, Clement J, Dybas JM, Aykin-Burns N, Guarnieri JW, Singh LN, Grabham P, Baylin SB, Yousey A, Pearson AN, Corry PM, Saravia-Butler A, Aunins TR, Sharma S, Nagpal P, Meydan C, Foox J, Mozsary C, Cerqueira B, Zaksas V, Singh U, Wurtele ES, Costes SV, Davanzo GG, Galeano D, Paccanaro A, Meinig SL, Hagan RS, Bowman NM; UNC COVID-19 Pathobiology Consortium, Wolfgang MC, Altinok S, Sapoval N, Treangen TJ, Moraes-Vieira PM, Vanderburg C, Wallace DC, Schisler JC, Mason CE, Chatterjee A, Meller R, Beheshti A. Role of miR-2392 in driving SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Rep. 2021 Oct 19;37(3):109839. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109839. PMID: 34624208; PMCID: PMC8481092.
  38. Muhlebach MS, Cunningham F, LiPuma JJ, Zhou JJ, Saiman L. Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on cystic fibrosis centres and care: survey results from US centres. ERJ Open Res. 2021 Oct 11;7(4):00249-2021. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00249-2021. PMID: 34646879; PMCID: PMC8364745.
  39. Friedman E, Franzone J, Ko ER, Corey K, Mock J, Alavian N, Schwartz A, Drummond MB, Suber T, Linstrum K, Bain W, Castiblanco SA, Zak M, Zaeh S, Gupta I, Damarla M, Punjabi NM. Rationale and design of the Prone Position and Respiratory Outcomes in Non-intubated COVID-19 PatiEnts: The “PRONE” Study. Contemp Clin Trials. 2021 Oct;109:106541. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106541. PMID: 34400361; PMCID: PMC8363159.
  40. Payne TD, Klawa SJ, Jian T, Kim SH, Papanikolas MJ, Freeman R, Schultz ZD. Catching COVID: Engineering Peptide-Modified Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Sensors for SARS-CoV-2. ACS Sens. 2021 Sep 24;6(9):3436-3444. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01344. PMID: 34491043; PMCID: PMC8442610.
  41. Clapp PW, Ruzycki CA, Samet JM, Zeman KL, Berntsen J, Sickbert-Bennett E, Weber DJ, Finlay WH, Martin AR, Bennett WD, Wilson KH; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Prevention Epicenters Program. A Simple HEPA Filtering Facepiece. Am J Infect Control. 2021 Sep;49(9):1206-1209. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.04.085. PMID: 33971283.
  42. Bacon DR, Onuorah P, Murr A, Wiesen CA, Oakes J, Thorp BD, Zanation AM, Ebert CS Jr, Wohl D, Senior BA, Kimple AJ. COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction prevalence and natural history in ambulatory patients. Rhinol Online. 2021;4(4):131-139. doi: 10.4193/rhinol/21.034. PMID: 34485883; PMCID: PMC8415759.
  43. Henderson LM, Benefield T, Bosemani T, Long JM, Rivera MP. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Volumes and Disparities in Lung Cancer Screening. Chest. 2021 Jul;160(1):379-382. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.12.033. PMID: 33417898; PMCID: PMC7784535.
  44. Murr A, Lenze NR, Brown WC, Gelpi MW, Ebert CS Jr, Senior BA, Thorp BD, Zanation AM, Kimple AJ. Quantification of Aerosol Particle Concentrations During Endoscopic Sinonasal Surgery in the Operating Room. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2021 Jul;35(4):426-431. doi: 10.1177/1945892420962335. PMID: 33012174. PMCID: PMC8822194.
  45. Huang N, Pérez P, Kato T, Mikami Y, Okuda K, Gilmore RC, Conde CD, Gasmi B, Stein S, Beach M, Pelayo E, Maldonado JO, Lafont BA, Jang SI, Nasir N, Padilla RJ, Murrah VA, Maile R, Lovell W, Wallet SM, Bowman NM, Meinig SL, Wolfgang MC, Choudhury SN, Novotny M, Aevermann BD, Scheuermann RH, Cannon G, Anderson CW, Lee RE, Marchesan JT, Bush M, Freire M, Kimple AJ, Herr DL, Rabin J, Grazioli A, Das S, French BN, Pranzatelli T, Chiorini JA, Kleiner DE, Pittaluga S, Hewitt SM, Burbelo PD, Chertow D; NIH COVID-19 Autopsy Consortium; HCA Oral and Craniofacial Biological Network, Frank K, Lee J, Boucher RC, Teichmann SA, Warner BM, Byrd KM. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the oral cavity and saliva. Nat Med. 2021 May;27(5):892-903. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01296-8. PMID: 33767405. PMCID: PMC8240394.
  46. Murr AT, Lenze NR, Gelpi MW, Brown WC, Ebert CS Jr, Senior BA, Thorp BD, Kimple AJ, Zanation AM. Quantification of Aerosol Concentrations During Endonasal Instrumentation in the Clinic Setting. Laryngoscope. 2021 May;131(5):E1415-E1421. doi: 10.1002/lary.29122. PMID: 33017067; PMCID: PMC7675733.
  47. Sickbert-Bennett EE, Samet JM, Prince SE, Chen H, Zeman KL, Tong H, Bennett WD. Fitted Filtration Efficiency of Double Masking During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Intern Med. 2021 Apr 16:e212033. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.2033. PMID: 33861307; PMCID: PMC8052601.
  48. Clapp PW, Sickbert-Bennett EE, Samet JM, Berntsen J, Zeman KL, Anderson DJ, Weber DJ, Bennett WD; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenters Program. Evaluation of Cloth Masks and Modified Procedure Masks as Personal Protective Equipment for the Public During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Intern Med. 2021 Apr 1;181(4):463-469. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.8168. Erratum in: JAMA Intern Med. 2021 Apr 1;181(4):570. PMID: 33300948; PMCID: PMC7729588.
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